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[null,"PRODUCT-RELATED EPIs DATABASE"]
[null,"A guide to support the selection of product-related environmental performance indicators (EPIs)"]
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[null,"This database comprises 261 different product-related environmental performance indicators (EPIs), compiled to aid the \"Guide to support the selection of product-related environmental performance indicators\". The guide was developed during a research project at University of São Paulo (USP) in collaboration with Technical University of Denmark (DTU)."]
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[null,"You can browse in this database by following the instructions below:"]
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[null,"Product-related EPIs ",null,"Here you will find all the product-related EPIs stored in this database. This tab aims to support the steps 2 and 3 of the guide in pre-selecting and selecting indicators. Apply the filters according to life cycle stages, environmental aspects and type of measure to find subsets of EPIs, and then select the most suitable indicators for your product.  Important! To select an EPI, mark an \"X\" (or \"x\") in the column \"Selection Tool\". Important! All EPIs have a code number. Sometimes, the same indicator is classified according to more than one environmental objective in the same life cycle stage. In these case, the indicator appears repeated in the database. Make sure that you are selecting just different EPIs!"]
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[null,"Selected EPIs and Analysis",null,"This tab provides an overview of the set of selected indicators, and it was developed to support step 4 of the guide (customization and/or creation of EPIs). Click the bottom and you will have your set of selected indicators and a quantitative analysis of it according to life cycle stages and environmental aspects. It is useful to check if you are considering all the important priorities when measuring environmental performance."]
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[null,"Full set of EPIs",null,"This tab is a space where you can fill with your selected, customized and/or created EPIs from step 4 of the guide. This full set should be ready to be implemented in step 5. Implement product-related EPIs in your company and monitor the improvement of the environmental performance of your product!"]

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[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Life Cycle Stage",null,null,null,null,null,"Environmental Aspects"]
["Comments","Selection Tool","Code","Name","Symbol","Detailed Description/More Information","How to measure","Unit","Desired Trend","Additional Material","Pre-manufacturing","Manufacturing and Design","Distribution and Packaging","Use and maintenance","End-of-life","General Activities","Materials","Energy","Solid waste","Waste water","Gaseous Emissions","Energy Loss","Type of Measure","References","Recurrence (number of studies where the indicator is presented)"]
[null,"x",1,"Reusable Parts",".","This indicator measures the mass of elements or parts that can be reused relative to the total mass of the product.","Weight of reusable parts/Total weight of product","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",3]
[null,null,2,"Recyclable Materials in the product",".","This indicator measures the mass of recyclable in relation to the total mass of the product.","Weight of recyclable materials/Total weight of product","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190. / Hur, T., Lee, J., Ryu, J., Kwon, E., 2005. Simplified LCA and matrix methods in identifying the environmental aspects of a product system. Journal of Environmental Management 75, 229–237. / Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277.",7]
[null,null,2,"Recyclable Materials in the product",".","This indicator measures the mass of recyclable in relation to the total mass of the product.","Weight of recyclable materials/Total weight of product","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190. / Hur, T., Lee, J., Ryu, J., Kwon, E., 2005. Simplified LCA and matrix methods in identifying the environmental aspects of a product system. Journal of Environmental Management 75, 229–237. / Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277.",6]
[null,null,3,"Reversible Joints",".","The time required to disassemble reversible joints, such as screws and bolts, is much less than required for welded joints, so that the latter are much more complicated to disassemble and break up. This indicator quantifies the number of reversible joints relative to the total number of joints of a product.","Number of reversible joints/Number of total joints","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1]
[null,null,4,"Same Material Joints",".","If the joints are made from the same material or materials that are compatible for recycling, there is no need for separate pieces before recycling, reducing the time of disassembly. This indicator measures the number of articulated parts that can be recycled together relative to the total number of joints of a product.","Same material joints/Number of total joints","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,"Material type;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1]
[null,null,5,"Material identification labels",".","One of the important aspects in the disassembly and subsequent recycling is identify which materials the product is made. This indicator measures the percentage of product parts that carry material identification labels.","Number of parts with label/Total number of different parts","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Identifying Materials; ",null,"Material type;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1]
[null,null,6,"Tools for Disassembling",".","The duration of the disassembly process is often related in a direct way with the types of joints between materials. The joints should be as simple and standard as possible, so little need dismantling tools. This indicator quantifies the number of tools required for disassembly relative to the total number of articulations of the product.","Number of necessary tools/Number of total joints","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1]
[null,null,7,"Time for Disassembly",".","This indicator quantifies the total time required in the complete dismantling of all joints of the product.","Total time to take apart all joints of a product","min","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190. / Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. / Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200. / Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513.",5]
[null,null,8,"Intelligent Materials",".","This indicator measures the weight of \"intelligent materials\" relative to the total weight of the product. \"Intelligent materials\" are materials which undergo reversible physical or chemical changes under variations of magnetic or electrical fields, and they are capable of repeating this process indefinitely without losing their original properties. The use of intelligent polymers and metals is very important to reduce the disassembly time.","Weight of clever materials/Total weight of the product","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,"Material type;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1]
[null,null,9,"Time for Battery Changing",".","This indicator measures the time necessary for disassembly and replacement of the batteries or other such user-serviceable parts. Existing parts that have a shorter useful life than others causes a loss of value of the product (e.g. batteries). It's necessary that these parts are easily accessible and visible, ir order to facilitate and economize on the process of their replacement, and to support the value of the entire product.","Time for replacement batteries (or other user-serviceable parts)","min","↓",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","CERDAN, C.; GAZULLA, C.; RAUGEI, M.; MARTINEZ, E.; FULLANA-I-PALMER, P. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 17, p. 1638-1643, 2009.",1]
[null,null,9,"Time for Battery Changing",".","This indicator measures the time necessary for disassembly and replacement of the batteries or other such user-serviceable parts. Existing parts that have a shorter useful life than others causes a loss of value of the product (e.g. batteries). It's necessary that these parts are easily accessible and visible, ir order to facilitate and economize on the process of their replacement, and to support the value of the entire product.","Time for replacement batteries (or other user-serviceable parts)","min","↓",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","CERDAN, C.; GAZULLA, C.; RAUGEI, M.; MARTINEZ, E.; FULLANA-I-PALMER, P. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 17, p. 1638-1643, 2009.",1]
[null,null,10,"Laminated or Compound Materials",". "," Laminated or compound materials have limited potential for recycling. This indicator measures the mass of laminated materials or compounds in relation to the total weight of the product.","Weight of laminated or compound materials/Total weight of the product","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null," Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies; ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1]
[null,null,10,"Laminated or Compound Materials",". "," Laminated or compound materials have limited potential for recycling. This indicator measures the mass of laminated materials or compounds in relation to the total weight of the product.","Weight of laminated or compound materials/Total weight of the product","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Minimizing the Overall Number of Different Incompatible Materials; ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1]
[null,null,11,"Painted, Stained or Pigmented Surfaces",".","The presence of painted, stained or pigmented surfaces problems often affect recycling processes, since these impregnations or alterations of the components complicate the separation for recycling due to the difficulty of separating the paint coats from the underlying materials. This indicator measures the sum of the painted, pigmented or stained surfaces relative to the total surface of the product.","Painted, Stained or Pigmented Surface/Total surface of the product","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Minimizing the Overall Number of Different Incompatible Materials;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1]
[null,null,12,"Ecological Rucksack","ER","The indicator Ecological Rucksack (ER) represents the sum of all input materials not included in the purchased product, but necessary in the production, use, recycling and final disposal - whole product's life cycle. It can also be a measure of material intensity, as ER gives a  rough estimate of the resource intensity. Commonly, the rucksack of current technical products in terms of non-renewable materials is about 30 tons per ton of product and can reach much higher values, as for instance about 300 for such products as personal computers. It can also be used to evaluate the energy requirement for a particular product.","(sum of all material input during product's life cycle) - (product weight)","mg, kg, g","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;","Engage more consumption-efficient systems; ","Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Herva, M., Franco, A., Carrasco, E.F., Roca, E., 2011. Review of corporate environmental indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1687–1699. / Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242. / \nRobèrt, K.-H., Schmidt-Bleek, B., Aloisi de Larderel, J., Basile, G., Jansen, J.L., Kuehr, R., Price Thomas, P., Suzuki, M., Hawken, P., Wackernagel, M., 2002. Strategic sustainable development — selection, design and synergies of applied tools. Journal of Cleaner Production 10, 197–214. / \nZiolkowska, J.R., Ziolkowski, B., 2011. Product generational dematerialization indicator: A case of crude oil in the global economy. Energy 36, 5925–5934.",4]
[null,null,12,"Ecological Rucksack","ER","The indicator Ecological Rucksack (ER) represents the sum of all input materials not included in the purchased product, but necessary in the production, use, recycling and final disposal - whole product's life cycle. It can also be a measure of material intensity, as ER gives a  rough estimate of the resource intensity. Commonly, the rucksack of current technical products in terms of non-renewable materials is about 30 tons per ton of product and can reach much higher values, as for instance about 300 for such products as personal computers. It can also be used to evaluate the energy requirement for a particular product.","(sum of all material input during product's life cycle) - (product weight)","mg, kg, g","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;"," Minimizing Materials Consumption During the Product Development Phase;","Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Herva, M., Franco, A., Carrasco, E.F., Roca, E., 2011. Review of corporate environmental indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1687–1699. / Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242. / \nRobèrt, K.-H., Schmidt-Bleek, B., Aloisi de Larderel, J., Basile, G., Jansen, J.L., Kuehr, R., Price Thomas, P., Suzuki, M., Hawken, P., Wackernagel, M., 2002. Strategic sustainable development — selection, design and synergies of applied tools. Journal of Cleaner Production 10, 197–214. / \nZiolkowska, J.R., Ziolkowski, B., 2011. Product generational dematerialization indicator: A case of crude oil in the global economy. Energy 36, 5925–5934.",4]
[null,null,13,"Hazard Quotient","HQ","HQ is an indicator used in the risk assessment of toxic substances a product. A risk assessment involves identifying the type of toxic, an  exposure assessment and risk characterization. HQ is the relationship between the exposure dose of the toxic to the user (dose), in mg.kg-1day-1 with respect to the dose reference to non-carcinogenic effects (RfDs) in mg.kg-1day-1, according to U.S. EPA and ORNL.","Dose/RfDs","dimensionless","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Herva, M., Franco, A., Carrasco, E.F., Roca, E., 2011b. Review of corporate environmental indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1687–1699.  / Herva, M., Álvarez, A., Roca, E., 2011a. Sustainable and safe design of footwear integrating ecological footprint and risk criteria. Journal of hazardous materials 192, 1876–81.",2]
[null,null,14,"Cancer Risk factor","CR","CR is an indicator used in the risk assessment of toxic substances a product. A risk assessment involves identifying the type of toxic, an  exposure assessment and risk characterization. CR is the relationship between the exposure dose of the toxic to the user (dose), in mg.kg-1day-1 and the slope factor for carcinogenic effects (SF) in kg.day.mg-1, according to U.S. EPA and ORNL.","Dose . SF","dimensionless","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Herva, M., Franco, A., Carrasco, E.F., Roca, E., 2011b. Review of corporate environmental indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1687–1699.  / Herva, M., Álvarez, A., Roca, E., 2011a. Sustainable and safe design of footwear integrating ecological footprint and risk criteria. Journal of hazardous materials 192, 1876–81.",2]
[null,null,15,"Recycled Materials in the product ","-","This indicator measures the amount of recycled material relative the total mass of the product.","Weight of total recycled material/Total weight of material used in the product","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative"," PERSSON, J-G. Eco-indicators in product development. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, v. 215, p. 627-635, 2001. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. /  Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513. / Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425.",4]
[null,null,15,"Recycled Materials in the product ","-","This indicator measures the amount of recycled material relative the total mass of the product.","Weight of total recycled material/Total weight of material used in the product","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative"," PERSSON, J-G. Eco-indicators in product development. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, v. 215, p. 627-635, 2001. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. /  Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513. / Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425.",4]
[null,null,16,"Product Degree of Utilization",".","When estimating the total utility of a product, the degree of utilization must be evaluated in addition to the product function. For many classes of products and for consumer goods in particular, the degree of utilization is really significant: lawnmowers are typically used less than 1 per cent of the time, and the average utilization for a passenger car is of the order of 5 per cent. ","Relative measures of product utilization","Depends of the product's function","↑","As an example, the annual specific transport service produced by a product for transportation (vehicle, aircraft, ship, etc.) could be analyzed by the formula: c.v.fc.ft.T/m0 [person.km/kg], where c is the vehicle capacity, v is the speed, T is the total annual time (8760h), and m0 is the vehicle mass.",null,null,null,"Intensifying Use;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative"," PERSSON, J-G. Eco-indicators in product development. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, v. 215, p. 627-635, 2001.",1]
[null,null,17,"Total Air Emissions",".","Sum of all air emissions in the production process.","Sum of all air emissions in the production process ","kg or kg/PO","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute and/or relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. ",1]
[null,null,17,"Total Air Emissions",".","Sum of all air emissions in the production process.","Sum of all air emissions in the production process ","kg or kg/PO","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute and/or relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. ",1]
[null,null,18,"Discarded Packaging Materials per Product",null,"This indicator measures the mass of packaging material discarded per product.","Mass of packaging material discarded per product","kg/product","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,19," Reused Packaging Materials per Product",".","This indicator measures the mass of packaging material reused per product.","Mass of packaging material reused per product","kg/product","↑",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",2]
[null,null,20,"Auxiliary Materials recycled or reused",".","This indicator measures the amount of auxiliary materials recycled or reused in the production process","Sum of all auxiliary materials recycled or reused in the production process","mass units","↑",null,null,"Engage more consumption-efficient systems;",null,null,null,null,"Auxiliary materials;",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,21,"Reused Raw Materials",".","This indicator measures the amount all raw material reused in the production process.","Amount all raw material reused in the production process","mass units","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,22,"Reused Water",".","This indicator measures the amount of water reused in the production process.","Sum of all water reused in the production process","volume units","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,"Reused water;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,22,"Reused Water",".","This indicator measures the amount of water reused in the production process.","Sum of all water reused in the production process","volume units","↑",null,null,"Engage more consumption-efficient systems; ",null,null,null,null,"Reused water;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,23,"Energy generated with by-products or process streams",".","This indicator quantifies the energy generated with by-products or process streams.","Quantity of the energy generated with by-products or process streams","KWh","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Co-generation of energy;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,23,"Energy generated with by-products or process streams",".","This indicator quantifies the energy generated with by-products or process streams.","Quantity of the energy generated with by-products or process streams","KWh","↓",null,null,"Engage more consumption-efficient systems;",null,null,null,null,null,"Co-generation of energy;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,24,"Hazardous materials used by contracted service providers",".","This indicator measures the amount of hazardous materials used by contracted service providers. Decreasing this amount can avoid harm in the environment in the pre-manufacturing and manufacturing stages of a product's life cycle.","Quantity of the amount of hazardous materials used by contracted service providers","mass or volume units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,25,"Cleaning agents used by contracted service providers",".","This indicator measures the amount of cleaning agents used by contracted service providers. Decreasing this amount can avoid harm in the environment in the manufacturing stage of a product's life cycle.","Quantity of the amount of cleaning agents used by contracted service providers","mass or volume units","↓",null,null,"Engage more consumption-efficient systems;  ",null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,25,"Cleaning agents used by contracted service providers",".","This indicator measures the amount of cleaning agents used by contracted service providers. Decreasing this amount can avoid harm in the environment in the manufacturing stage of a product's life cycle.","Quantity of the amount of cleaning agents used by contracted service providers","mass or volume units","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Materials Consumption During the Product Development Phase;",null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,26,"Recyclable and reusable materials used by contracted service providers",".","This indicator measures the amount of recyclable and reusable used by contracted service providers. It can improve the environmental performance by selecting the most recycling/reusing efficient provider of energy and raw materials.","Quantity of the amount of recyclable and reusable materials used by contracted service providers","mass units","↑",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials;",null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;    ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,27,"Wastes generated by contracted service providers",".","This indicator measures the amount of waste generated by contracted service providers. It can be also measured for different types of waste generated.","Amount of waste generated by contracted service providers","kg","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;    ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,28,"Fuel consumption of vehicle fleet ",".","This indicator quantifies the average fuel consumption of vehicle fleet of the industry.","Quantity of the average fuel consumption of vehicle fleet","volume units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,29,"Freight deliveries by mode of transportation per day",".","This indicator quantifies the number of freight deliveries by mode of transportation per day.","Quantity of the number of freight deliveries by mode of transportation per day","freight deliveries/mode of transportation/day","Depends on the mode of transportation",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,30,"Total land area used for production purposes",".","This indicator measures the total land area used for production purposes. It can be measured in terms of industry facilities and area needed to produce raw materials. ","Total land area used for production purposes, as needed to produce raw materials and/or to implement the production process","area units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,31,"Vehicles in fleet with pollution abatement technology",".","This indicator quantifies the total number of vehicles in fleet with pollution abatement technology.","Total number of vehicles in fleet with pollution abatement technology","vehicles","↑",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. ",1]
[null,null,32,"Number of business trips saved through other means of communication",".","This indicator quantifies the total number of business trips saved through other means of communication.","Total number of business trips saved through other means of communication","trips","↑",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,32,"Number of business trips saved through other means of communication",".","This indicator quantifies the total number of business trips saved through other means of communication.","Total number of business trips saved through other means of communication","trips","↑",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during product development; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,33,"Total number of products with reduced hazard properties",".","This indicator measures the number of products of a company's portfolio introduced in the market with reduced hazardous properties","Quantity of products in portfolio introduced in the market with reduced hazardous properties","number of products","↑",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,34,"Total number of products which can be reused or recycled ",".","This indicator measures the number of products of a company's portfolio introduced in the market which can be reused or recycled. ","Quantity of products in portfolio which can be reused or recycled","number of products","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; "," Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,34,"Total number of products which can be reused or recycled ",".","This indicator measures the number of products of a company's portfolio introduced in the market which can be reused or recycled. ","Quantity of products in portfolio which can be reused or recycled","number of products","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; ","Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,34,"Total number of products which can be reused or recycled ",".","This indicator measures the number of products of a company's portfolio introduced in the market which can be reused or recycled. ","Quantity of products in portfolio which can be reused or recycled","number of products","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs;","Adopting the Cascade Approach; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,34,"Total number of products which can be reused or recycled ",".","This indicator measures the number of products of a company's portfolio introduced in the market which can be reused or recycled. ","Quantity of products in portfolio which can be reused or recycled","number of products","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ","Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,35,"Rate of Defective Products",".","This indicator measures the number of defective products relative to the number of manufactured products. Decrease this rate reduce solid waste generation, and wasted materials and energy.","number of defective products / total number of manufactured products","%","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Defective products;",null,null,null,"relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. / Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",2]
[null,null,36,"By-products",".","This indicator measures the quantity of by-products generated. The unit of measure can be relative to product manufactured, in relation to production output, or in mass or volume units (absolute measures).","Quantity of units of by-products generated","units of by-products","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,"By-products;",null,null,null,"absolute and/or relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",2]
[null,null,37,"Total number of products with environmental instructions",".","This indicator measures the number of products in a company's portfolio with instructions regarding environmentally safe use and disposal.","Quantity of products in the portfolio with instructions regarding environmentally safe use and disposal","number of products","↑",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Provide information to users and treatment facilities;",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,38,"Materials used during after-sales servicing of products",".","This indicator measures the amount of materials used during after-sales servicing of products.","Quantity of materials used during after-sales servicing of products","mass or volume units","↓",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; "," Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,38,"Materials used during after-sales servicing of products",".","This indicator measures the amount of materials used during after-sales servicing of products.","Quantity of materials used during after-sales servicing of products","mass or volume units","↓",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; "," Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,38,"Materials used during after-sales servicing of products",".","This indicator measures the amount of materials used during after-sales servicing of products.","Quantity of materials used during after-sales servicing of products","mass or volume units","↓",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs;"," Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,39,"Specific Solid Waste Mass",".","This indicator measures the solid waste generated in the manufacturing process per unit of product.","Quantity of waste produced per unit of product","mass or volume units","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,40,"Waste stored on site",".","This indicator quantifies the amount of waste generated in the manufacturing process stored on site.","Quantity of waste stored on site","mass or volume units","Depends",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,41,"Waste controlled by permits",".","This indicator quantifies the amount of waste generated in the manufacturing process waste controlled by permits.","Quantity of waste controlled by permits","mass or volume units","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous waste;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,42,"Waste converted to Reusable Material",".","This indicator measures the amount of waste generated by the production process converted to reusable material per year.","Quantity of waste converted to reusable material per year","mass or volume units/year","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,43,"Specific Air Emissions per Substance",".","This indicator measures emissions of specific substances per year, such as SOx, NOx, particles, etc.","Quantity of specific emissions per year","volume units/year","↓",null," ","Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316.",2]
[null,null,44,"Specific Air Emissions per Product",".","This indicator measures emissions of specific substances per unit of product or in terms of Production Output (PO) in kg, items, etc.","Quantity of specific emissions per unit of product","volume units/unit of product","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,null,null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,45,"Landfill Waste per Product",".","This indicator measures the quantity of material sent to landfill per unit of product.","Quantity of material sent to landfill per unit of product","kg/product","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;"," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",2]
[null,null,46,"Radiation released",".","This indicator measures the quantity of radiation released during the manufacturing process.","Average quantity of radiation released","-","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"Radiation;","absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,47,"Heat, vibration or light emitted",".","This indicator measures the quantity of heat, vibration or light emitted during the manufacturing process.","Amount of heat, vibration or light emitted","energy units","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Heat; Vibration; Light;","absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[null,null,48,"Total Energy Consumption","Etot.","This indicator measures the total energy consumption of the manufacturing process.","Total energy consumed ","J","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119. / Despeisse, M., Mbaye, F., Ball, P.D., Levers, A., 2012. The emergence of sustainable manufacturing practices. Production Planning & Control 23, 354–376. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316. / Choi, a. C.K., Kaebernick, H., Lai, W.H., 1997. Manufacturing processes modeling for environmental impact assessment. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 70, 231–238. / Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",7]
[null,null,48,"Total Energy Consumption","Etot.","This indicator measures the total energy consumption of the manufacturing process.","Total energy consumed ","J","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during product development; ",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119. / Despeisse, M., Mbaye, F., Ball, P.D., Levers, A., 2012. The emergence of sustainable manufacturing practices. Production Planning & Control 23, 354–376. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316. / Choi, a. C.K., Kaebernick, H., Lai, W.H., 1997. Manufacturing processes modeling for environmental impact assessment. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 70, 231–238. / Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",7]
[null,null,49,"Specific Energy Consumption","Espec.","This indicator measures the total energy consumption of the manufacturing process per production output.","Total energy consumed/Production Output ","J/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. ",5]
[null,null,49,"Specific Energy Consumption","Espec.","This indicator measures the total energy consumption of the manufacturing process per production output.","Total energy consumed/Production Output ","J/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during product development;",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. ",5]
[null,null,50,"Source of Energy Fraction","Esource","This indicator measures the quantity of each energy from different sources relative to the total amount of energy used in the production process.","Consumption per source of energy/Total energy consumption","J/J=1 (dimensionless)","Depends on the source of energy",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Energy Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy source;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[null,null,50,"Source of Energy Fraction","Esource","This indicator measures the quantity of each energy from different sources relative to the total amount of energy used in the production process.","Consumption per source of energy/Total energy consumption","J/J=1 (dimensionless)","Depends on the source of energy",null,"Selecting Non-toxic and Harmless Energy Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy source;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[null,null,51,"Renewable Energy Fraction","Erenew","This indicator measures the quantity of renewable energy use relative to the total amount of energy used in the production process.","Renewable energy consumption/Total energy consumption","J/J=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Energy Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Renewable energy;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",3]
[null,null,51,"Renewable Energy Fraction","Erenew","This indicator measures the quantity of renewable energy use relative to the total amount of energy used in the production process.","Renewable energy consumption/Total energy consumption","J/J=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,"Selecting Non-toxic and Harmless Energy Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Renewable energy;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",3]
[null,null,52,"Energy for Recycling","Ereclycl.","This indicator measures the energy required for recycling materials.","Energy used for recycling","J","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"  Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,53,"Total Material Consumption","mmat., tot.","This indicator measures the absolute mass of material input to manufacture the product.","Total material input absolute mass in manufacturing","kg","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Content;"," Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ","Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[null,null,53,"Total Material Consumption","mmat., tot.","This indicator measures the absolute mass of material input to manufacture the product.","Total material input absolute mass in manufacturing","kg","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;","Minimizing Materials Consumption During the Product Development Phase;","Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[null,null,54,"Specific Material Consumption","mmat., spec.","This indicator measures the mass of material input per production output to manufacture the product.","(Total material input) mass/Production Output","kg/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Content;"," Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ","Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",4]
[null,null,54,"Specific Material Consumption","mmat., spec.","This indicator measures the mass of material input per production output to manufacture the product.","(Total material input) mass/Production Output","kg/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;","Minimizing Materials Consumption During the Product Development Phase;","Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",4]
[null,null,55,"Fraction of Renewable Raw Materials","wrenw. mat.","This indicator measures the renewable raw materials use relative to the total mass input in the manufacturing system.","(Renewable raw material input) mass/ (Total material input) mass","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Renewable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",2]
[null,null,56,"Raw Materials Efficiency","ηraw mat.","This indicator measures the raw materials use relative to the production output of the manufacturing process, expressing the raw materials efficiency.","(Production output) mass/(Raw materials input) mass","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,56,"Raw Materials Efficiency","ηraw mat.","This indicator measures the raw materials use relative to the production output of the manufacturing process, expressing the raw materials efficiency.","(Production output) mass/(Raw materials input) mass","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,"Engage more consumption-efficient systems;",null,null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,57,"Recycled Material Fraction","wrecycl. mat.","This indicator measures the recycled material use relative to the total mass input in the manufacturing system. It can also be measured as an absolute indicators, refletinct the amount of recycled materials used in a period of time, for instance.","(Recycled material input) mass/(Total material input) mass","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190. / Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513. / Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434. ",5]
[null,null,57,"Recycled Material Fraction","wrecycl. mat.","This indicator measures the recycled material use relative to the total mass input in the manufacturing system. It can also be measured as an absolute indicators, refletinct the amount of recycled materials used in a period of time, for instance.","(Recycled material input) mass/(Total material input) mass","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190. / Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513. / Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513. / Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434. / Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",5]
[null,null,58,"Variety of Hazardous Materials","Nhaz. mat.","This indicator measures the number of hazardous materials in the production process.","Number of hazardous materials used","number of hazardous materials","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,59,"Hazardous Materials Input Mass","mhaz. Mat.","This indicator measures the absolute mass of hazardous materials input in the production process.","Absolute mass of hazardous materials input","kg","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[null,null,60,"Total Water Consumption","Vwater, tot.","This indicator measures the absolute volume of all water used in the production process. It can be also measured in amount of water used per year, and it can include reused water.","Absolute volume of all water used in the production process","m³","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;",null,null,null,null,null,"Water use;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316.",4]
[null,null,61,"Specific Water Consumption","Vwater, spec.","This indicator measures the absolute volume of all water used in the production process relative to the production output; it can include reused water.","Water consumption volume/Production Output","m³/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;",null,null,null,null,null,"Water use;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481.",4]
[null,null,62,"Volume Fraction of Water Type","φwater type","This indictor measures the consumption volume of water per type relative to the total consumption volume. In this context, type of water means the origin of the used water, if it's superficial, underground, reused...","Consumption volume per type of water/Total consumption volume","m³/m³=1 (dimensionless)","Depends on the type of water ",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;",null,null,null,null,null,"Source of water;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,62,"Volume Fraction of Water Type","φwater type","This indictor measures the consumption volume of water per type relative to the total consumption volume. In this context, type of water means the origin of the used water, if it's superficial, underground, reused...","Consumption volume per type of water/Total consumption volume","m³/m³=1 (dimensionless)","Depends on the type of water ",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"Source of water;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,63,"Mass Fraction of Products with an Environmental Label","wEL prod.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of products in portfolio with an Environmental Label.","Mass of products with environmental labels/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Provide information to users and treatment facilities;","Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,64,"Mass Fraction of Products from Recyclable Materials","wrecycl. prod.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of products  in portfolio which are made of recyclable materials.","Mass of products from recyclable materials/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,64,"Mass Fraction of Products from Recyclable Materials","wrecycl. prod.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of products  in portfolio which are made of recyclable materials.","Mass of products from recyclable materials/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,65,"Mass Fraction of Products Designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling","wrecov. prod.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of products  in portfolio which are designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling.","Mass of products designed for recovery/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,65,"Mass Fraction of Products Designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling","wrecov. prod.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of products  in portfolio which are designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling.","Mass of products designed for recovery/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,65,"Mass Fraction of Products Designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling","wrecov. prod.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of products  in portfolio which are designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling.","Mass of products designed for recovery/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,65,"Mass Fraction of Products Designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling","wrecov. prod.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of products  in portfolio which are designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling.","Mass of products designed for recovery/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,66,"Total packaging mass","mpack.","This indicador measures the total packaging mass used in the products.","Absolute packaging mass","kg","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,67,"Packaging Mass Fraction","wpack","This indicator measures the total packaging mass used relative to the product mass production.","Packaging mass/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731.",2]
[null,null,68,"Mass Fraction of Reusable Packaging","wreus. pack","This indicator measures the total reusable packaging mass used relative to total packaging mass.","Reusable packaging mass/Total packaging mass ","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",3]
[null,null,69,"Total Solid Waste Mass","ms, tot.","This indicator measures the absolute mass of solid waste generated in the manufacturing process. It can be measured in a certain period of time, such as the solid waste mass generated in one day, month, year...","Absolute mass of solid waste generated","kg","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;","Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",6]
[null,null,70,"Specific Solid Waste Mass per type of Waste","ms, spec.","This indicator measures the absolute mass of solid waste generated in the manufacturing process per type relative to production output. ","Mass of specific type of solid waste/Production output","kg/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;"," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous waste;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. ",1]
[null,null,71,"Total Solid Waste Mass for Recovery","ms, recov.","This indicator measures the recovery solid waste absolute mass, including recycling, reuse and re-manufacture of materials and parts.","Recovery solid waste mass absolute (the recovery include recycling, reuse and re-manufacture)","kg","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;"," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,72,"Solid Waste Mass for Disposal","ms, disp.","This indicator measures the solid waste absolute mass generated for disposal, and can also be measured in a certain period of time.","Non-recovered solid waste mass absolute","kg","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;"," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Duque, J., Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D., Novais, A.Q., 2007. Synthesis and optimization of the recovery route for residual products under uncertain product demand. Computers & Operations Research 34, 1463–1490. / Khan, F., 2001. GreenPro: a new methodology for cleaner and greener process design. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 14, 307–328.",5]
[null,null,73,"Recycled Solid Waste Mass Fraction","ws, recycl.","This indicator measures the recycled solid waste absolute mass relative to the total amount of solid waste generated.","Recycled solid waste mass/Total mass of solid waste generated","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;"," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Recycled materials;",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,74,"Disposal Mass Fraction","ws, non-recycl.","This indicator measures the relative quantity of non-recovered solid waste produced by the company. ","Mass of non-recovered solid waste/Total mass of solid waste","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;"," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513.",2]
[null,null,75,"Hazardous Solid Waste Mass Fraction","ws, haz.","This indicator measures the relative quantity of hazardous solid waste produced by the company. ","Mass of hazardous solid waste/Total mass of solid waste","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous waste;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,76,"Hazardous Solid Waste Mass","ms, haz. ","This indicator measures the total amount of hazardous solid waste produced by the company. ","Mass of hazardous solid waste","kg","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous waste;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Schmidt, W., Butt, F., 2006. Life Cycle Tools within Ford of Europe’s Product Sustainability Index. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 11, 315–322. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry.",3]
[null,null,77,"Total volume of Liquid Waste","Vl, tot.","This indicator measures the total volume of liquid waste produced by the company in a period of time.","Absolute volume","m³","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Waste water amount;",null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Despeisse, M., Mbaye, F., Ball, P.D., Levers, A., 2012. The emergence of sustainable manufacturing practices. Production Planning & Control 23, 354–376. / Choi, a. C.K., Kaebernick, H., Lai, W.H., 1997. Manufacturing processes modeling for environmental impact assessment. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 70, 231–238.",5]
[null,null,78,"Specific Liquid Waste Volume","Vl, spec.","This indicator measures the relative quantity of liquid waste per unit of production.","Total volume of liquid waste/Production Output","m³/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Waste water amount;",null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",3]
[null,null,79,"Non-polluted Liquid Waste Volume","Vl, non-poll.","This indicator measures the total volume of non-polluted liquid effluents produced by the company (that has non-hazardous pollutants or is treated before released into the environment). ","Absolute volume","m³","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Waste water amount;",null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,80,"Polluted Liquid Waste volume","Vl, poll.","This indicator measures the total volume of polluted liquid effluents produced by the company. ","Absolute volume","m³","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,81,"Specific Pollution Mass Ratio","Rpoll, spec.","This indicator measures the load mass of pollutants in water, such as Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Lead, etc. ","Pollution load mass (e.g. P, N, AOX,...)/Production Output","kg/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[null,null,82,"Pollution Mass Concentration in Liquid Waste","cl, poll.","This indicator measures the mass of pollutants, such as  Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Lead, etc, in relation of the total liquid waste volume.","Mass of pollutants/Liquid waste volume","kg/m³","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316.",2]
[null,null,83,"Greenhouse Gases Mass Fraction","wCO2equiv.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of greenhouse gases relative to the total mass of products manufactured.","Total mass of CO2 equivalents/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Voll, A., Marquardt, W., 2012. Benchmarking of next- generation biofuels from a process perspective. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 292–301. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316.",4]
[null,null,84,"Acidification Mass Fraction","wSO2equiv.","This indicator measures the acidification mass fraction relative to the total mass of products manufactured.","Total mass of SO2 equivalents/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",2]
[null,null,85,"Photochemical Ozone Creating Potential Mass Fraction","wC2H4equiv.","This indicator measures the photochemical ozone creating potential mass fraction relative to the total mass of products manufactured.","Total mass of ethylene equivalents/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,86,"Eutrophication Mass Fraction","wPO4(-3)equiv.","This indicator measures the eutrophication mass fraction relative to the total mass of products manufactured.","Total mass of phosphate equivalents/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[null,null,87,"Life Cycle Solid Waste","SW","This indicator measures the total solid waste generated by the product's life cycle. The factor Bj,l is the amount of solid waste generated in each stage l of the cycle. ",null,"mass units","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;","Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Schmidt, W., Butt, F., 2006. Life Cycle Tools within Ford of Europe’s Product Sustainability Index. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 11, 315–322. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261.",2]
[null,null,88,"Life Cycle Material Intensity","MI","This indicator represents the sum of all materials j used in the system of each stage l of life cycle.",null,"kg","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Content;"," Minimizing Scraps and Discards;  "," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;"," Minimizing Materials Consumption During Usage;  ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261.",1]
[null,null,88,"Life Cycle Material Intensity","MI","This indicator represents the sum of all materials j used in the system of each stage l of life cycle.",null,"kg","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;","Engage more consumption-efficient systems; "," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;"," Minimizing Materials Consumption During Usage;  ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261.",1]
[null,null,88,"Life Cycle Material Intensity","MI","This indicator represents the sum of all materials j used in the system of each stage l of life cycle.",null,"kg","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;","Minimizing Materials Consumption During the Product Development Phase;"," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;"," Minimizing Materials Consumption During Usage;  ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261.",1]
[null,null,89,"Life Cycle Energy Intensity","EM","This indicator represents the sum of all energy type j  consumption in the system of each stage l of the product's life cycle. ",null,"MJ","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,"Select systems with energy-efficient operation and use stage; ",null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Mayyas, A., Qattawi, A., Omar, M., Shan, D., 2012. Design for sustainability in automotive industry: A comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16, 1845–1862.",3]
[null,null,89,"Life Cycle Energy Intensity","EM","This indicator represents the sum of all energy type j  consumption in the system of each stage l of the product's life cycle. ",null,"MJ","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during product development;",null,"Engage dynamic consumption of energy;",null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Mayyas, A., Qattawi, A., Omar, M., Shan, D., 2012. Design for sustainability in automotive industry: A comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16, 1845–1862.",3]
[null,null,90,"Service Intensity","SI","When the society can obtain a better service from the system at a lower environmental costs its service intensity increases. The SI indicator can be measured as  the degree the company has closed the loop in providing the service as opposed to only selling the product. SI can either be measured quantitatively or expressed qualitatively, depending on the system. ","Service provided by the product","-","↑","For instance, the number of use-cycles that the product goes through before it reaches its life cycle can be included.",null,null,null,"Intensifying Use; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261.",1]
[null,null,90,"Service Intensity","SI","When the society can obtain a better service from the system at a lower environmental costs its service intensity increases. The SI indicator can be measured as  the degree the company has closed the loop in providing the service as opposed to only selling the product. SI can either be measured quantitatively or expressed qualitatively, depending on the system. ","Service provided by the product","-","↑","For instance, the number of use-cycles that the product goes through before it reaches its life cycle can be included.",null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261.",1]
[null,null,91,"Environmental improvements above the compliance levels","ICL","The ICL indicator measures an average percentage decrease in environmental burdens for prescribed substances or substances that are of general concern but are not legislated, as CO2. The factor Bc,j is a level of burden j for company c; and the factor ALj is a prescribed local or national level, or accepted target for this burden.  The factor C depends on the type of analysis: in company- or process-oriented analysis, C=1, as you consider just one company; and in product-oriented analysis C can include all companies involved in the life cycle of the product, ranging from 2 or more.",null,"%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Laws and regulations;","Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261.",1]
[null,null,92,"Packaging materials from suppliers","-","The indicator expresses the mass of total packaging materials received from suppliers, considering the raw materials packaged used for manufacturing a product.","Total packaging received from suppliers","kg","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry.",1]
[null,null,94,"Fraction for Re-assembly"," λreass","This indicator measures the volume fraction of re-assembly of a product by means the sum of the volumes of all the parts destined to re-assembly to the overall volume of the product. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and r parts are destined for re-assembly. It is used to calculate the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,95,"Fraction for Re-manufacturing"," λrem","This indicator measures the volume fraction of re-manufacturing of a product by means the sum of the volumes of all the parts destined to re-manufacturing to the overall volume of the product. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and s parts are destined for re-manufacturing.  It is used to calculate the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,96,"Fraction of Recyclable Material"," λmat","This indicator measures the volume fraction of recyclable material of a product by means the sum of the volumes of all the parts destined to recycling to the overall volume of the product. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and t parts are destined for recycling.  It is used to calculate the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,96,"Fraction of Recyclable Material"," λmat","This indicator measures the volume fraction of recyclable material of a product by means the sum of the volumes of all the parts destined to recycling to the overall volume of the product. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and t parts are destined for recycling.  It is used to calculate the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,97,"Re-assembled Fraction","Freass","This indicator is related to the indicator \"Fraction for Re-assembly\" (code 94) by an α factor, which represents the volume losses involved in the recovery process with values lower than one. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and s parts are destined for re-manufacturing. It is used to calculate the indicator \"Recycled Fraction\" (code 100).",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,98,"Re-manufacturing Fraction","Frem","This indicator is related to the indicator \"Fraction for Re-manufacturing\" (code 95) by an α factor, which represents the volume losses involved in the recovery process with values lower than one. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and s parts are destined for re-manufacturing. It is used to calculate the indicator \"Recycled Fraction\" (code 100).",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,99,"Recyclabe Material Fraction","Fmat","This indicator is related to the indicator \"Fraction of Recyclabe Materials\" (code 96) by an α factor, which represents the volume losses involved in the recovery process with values lower than one. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and s parts are destined for re-manufacturing.",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,99,"Recyclabe Material Fraction","Fmat","This indicator is related to the indicator \"Fraction of Recyclabe Materials\" (code 96) by an α factor, which represents the volume losses involved in the recovery process with values lower than one. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and s parts are destined for re-manufacturing.",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,100,"Recycled Fraction","RF","The Recycled Fraction RF is an indicator of a second production product, which quantifies the saving of construction material.  It is calculated by using the indicators \"Re-assembled fraction\" (code 97),  and \"Re-manufacturing Fraction\"  (code 98).","Freass + Frem","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,100,"Recycled Fraction","RF","The Recycled Fraction RF is an indicator of a second production product, which quantifies the saving of construction material.  It is calculated by using the indicators \"Re-assembled fraction\" (code 97),  and \"Re-manufacturing Fraction\"  (code 98).","Freass + Frem","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,101,"Recyclable Fraction","λ","The Recyclable Fraction λ quantifies the volume of the components present in the architecture destined for all kind of recovery process, and it expresses the saving of resources.  It is calculated by using the indicators \"Fraction for Re-assembly\" (code 94), \"Fraction for Re-manufacturing\" (code 95), and \"Fraction of Recyclable Material\" (code 96).","λreass + λrem + λmat","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,101,"Recyclable Fraction","λ","The Recyclable Fraction λ quantifies the volume of the components present in the architecture destined for all kind of recovery process, and it expresses the saving of resources.  It is calculated by using the indicators \"Fraction for Re-assembly\" (code 94), \"Fraction for Re-manufacturing\" (code 95), and \"Fraction of Recyclable Material\" (code 96).","λreass + λrem + λmat","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,102,"Waste Disposal Fraction","λdisp","This indicator measures the volume fraction of the product which is not destined for any type of recycling, and must be disposed as waste. It is calculated by using the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).","1 - λ","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null," Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,102,"Waste Disposal Fraction","λdisp","This indicator measures the volume fraction of the product which is not destined for any type of recycling, and must be disposed as waste. It is calculated by using the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).","1 - λ","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,102,"Waste Disposal Fraction","λdisp","This indicator measures the volume fraction of the product which is not destined for any type of recycling, and must be disposed as waste. It is calculated by using the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).","1 - λ","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,102,"Waste Disposal Fraction","λdisp","This indicator measures the volume fraction of the product which is not destined for any type of recycling, and must be disposed as waste. It is calculated by using the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).","1 - λ","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs; ","Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Intensifying Use; ","Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality; ","Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Increasing the durability of the product;","Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[null,null,106,"Diversity of Materials in Production","-","A high diversity of materials utilized in the production process means complexity when connecting parts, difficulties in assembly and disassembly, and high demands of energy during manufacture. This indicator measures the number of different materials used in production process.","Number of materials utilized in the production process","number of different materials","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Minimizing the Overall Number of Different Incompatible Materials;  ",null,"Material type;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277.",1]
[null,null,107,"Conformity to Law and Regulation","-","This is an indicator which measures the accordance to environmental protection laws and regulations. It can be measured quantitatively, e.g. number of legal proceedings and prosecutions per year. The indicator can also be measured qualitatively, by checking \"Yes\" or \"No\".","Number of legal accordance to regulations, number of proceedings and prosecutions per year, ...","May vary","↑",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Laws and regulations;","Hazardous materials;","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Timmons, D.M., 1999. BUILDING AN ECO-DESIGN TOOLKIT AT KODAK. Eletronics and the Environment 122–127.",2]
[null,null,108,"Packaging for Reprocessing","-","This indicator expresses the residues from packaging post use by means quantificating the amount of used packs returned to production plant for reprocessing.","Amount of used packs returned to production plant for reprocessing","number of packs returned","↑",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277.",1]
[null,null,109,"Energy Consumption during Use Phase","-","This indicator measures the amount of energy in the use phase, and it expresses the quality of responsible products in terms of low energy consumption during use phase, according to international standards. It can also be measured by type of energy used, such as the consumption of electrical energy during the lifetime of a product. It should be considered all the operational modes of a product (i.e., off-, sleep-, and idle-modes).","Amount of energy consumed in the use phase during the lifetime of a product","energy units","↓",null,null,null,null,"Select systems with energy-efficient operation and use stage; ",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Kobayashi, H, 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Azkarate, A., Ricondo, I., Pérez, A., Martínez, P., 2011. An assessment method and design support system for designing sustainable machine tools. Journal of Engineering Design 22, 165–179. / Lim, S.-R., Schoenung, J.M., 2011. Measurement and analysis of product energy efficiency to assist energy star criteria development: An example for desktop computers. Energy Policy 39, 8003–8010.",8]
[null,null,109,"Energy Consumption during Use Phase","-","This indicator measures the amount of energy in the use phase, and it expresses the quality of responsible products in terms of low energy consumption during use phase, according to international standards. It can also be measured by type of energy used, such as the consumption of electrical energy during the lifetime of a product. It should be considered all the operational modes of a product (i.e., off-, sleep-, and idle-modes).","Amount of energy consumed in the use phase during the lifetime of a product","energy units","↓",null,null,null,null,"Engage dynamic consumption of energy;",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Kobayashi, H, 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Azkarate, A., Ricondo, I., Pérez, A., Martínez, P., 2011. An assessment method and design support system for designing sustainable machine tools. Journal of Engineering Design 22, 165–179. / Lim, S.-R., Schoenung, J.M., 2011. Measurement and analysis of product energy efficiency to assist energy star criteria development: An example for desktop computers. Energy Policy 39, 8003–8010.",8]
[null,null,110,"Well-being","-","This indicator verifies the degree of satisfaction and consequently the lastingness of a product, by means, for instance, of the number of complains and requests for technical assistance.","Number of complains and requests for technical assistance per period of time, e.g. lifespan","-","↓",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","\nFernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277.\n",1]
[null,null,111,"Distance traveled","-","This indicator measures the total distances traveled for sourcing, production, retail, consumer. ","Distance traveled for sourcing, production, retail and consumer","distance units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287.",1]
[null,null,112,"Load mode of transport","-","This indicator measures how much the space capacity of transport is used, in percentage, in terms of area, volume and weight.","% Full (area, volume, weight)","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"relative","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287.",1]
[null,null,113,"Stock Keeping Unit ","SKU","This indicator measures the efficiency of packaging design, through the number of units packaged togheter. Improve this measure can decrease the total mass of packaging.","Efficiency of packaging design: e.g. individual wrappings or bulk.","number of units packaged togheter for storage","↑",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287.",1]
[null,null,114,"Re-packaging","-","This indicator measures the number of times product is repacked throughout supply chain. Improve this measure can reduce material consumption during pre-manufacturing and manufacturing life cycle stages.","Number of times product is repacked throughout supply chain","number of re-packaging","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287.",1]
[null,null,115,"Number of components","-","This indicator expresses how easily can product be recycled based on its number of components. ","Number of components of the product","number of components/unit of product","↓",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability;"," Minimizing the Overall Number of Different Incompatible Materials;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",2]
[null,null,116,"Weight per Distance Traveled","-","This indicator relate the product weight to the distance that it's transported. ","Weight/distance traveled","mass units/distace units","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Content;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"relative","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287.",1]
[null,null,117,"Volume","-","This indicator expresses the total volume taken by the product warehousing, retail, and consumer homes. ","Space consumed in warehousing, retail, and consumer homes","volume units","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Content;",null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null," Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;","Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287.",1]
[null,null,118,"Product Density","-","The indicator measures the concentration or compaction of the product. Can it be denser or less diluted, for instance? Reduce the volume can help in transportation, storage, and reducing the mass of packaging material. ","Level of concentration or compaction of product, measured by: Product weight / product volume","mass units/volume units","↑",null,"Minimizing Material Content;",null,null,null,null," Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;","Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125.",2]
[null,null,119,"Temperature Changes throughout supply chain, consumer use and disposal","-","This indicator expresses the temperature changes during the product's life cycle, considering: Sourcing and production, as heating or cooling for storage and processing; Retail, such as temperature for storage (hot or cool) and transport; Logistics and warehousing; Consumer Use, as storage (e.g. freezer) and product usage (e.g. boiling); and End-of-Life, for example incineration of waste and melting for recycling. Reducing this temperature changes can reduce energy consumption and gaseous emissions.","Temperature changes "," ºC, ºF, K, ...","↓",null,null,null,null,null,null," Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287.",1]
[null,null,121,"Recycled Plastics Used Ratio","-","This indicator measures the percentage of recycled plastics used in the product. ","(Weight of recycled plastics/Weight of all plastics used in the product) . 100","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125.",1]
[null,null,121,"Recycled Plastics Used Ratio","-","This indicator measures the percentage of recycled plastics used in the product. ","(Weight of recycled plastics/Weight of all plastics used in the product) . 100","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125.",1]
[null,null,122,"Recycled Containerboard Ratio","-","This indicator measures the percentage of recycled containerboard used in the product, including the containerboard packaging weights.","(Weight of recycled containerboard/Weight of all containerboard used in the product, including packaging) . 100","%","↑",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125.",1]
[null,null,122,"Recycled Containerboard Ratio","-","This indicator measures the percentage of recycled containerboard used in the product, including the containerboard packaging weights.","(Weight of recycled containerboard/Weight of all containerboard used in the product, including packaging) . 100","%","↑",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125.",1]
[null,null,123,"Weight of Package","-","This indicator measures the absolute mass of packaging of an unit of product.","Absolute mass of packaging of the product","g","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;","Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Hur, T., Lee, J., Ryu, J., Kwon, E., 2005. Simplified LCA and matrix methods in identifying the environmental aspects of a product system. Journal of Environmental Management 75, 229–237.",3]
[null,null,124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[null,null,124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[null,null,124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[null,null,124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[null,null,124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[null,null,124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Intensifying Use; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[null,null,124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[null,null,124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Increasing the durability of the product;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[null,null,125,"Maintainable period after sales","-","This indicator measures the maintainable time of the product after sales. ","Time of maintainable","years","Depends on the product and type of maintenance",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125.",1]
[null,null,125,"Maintainable period after sales","-","This indicator measures the maintainable time of the product after sales. ","Time of maintainable","years","Depends on the product and type of maintenance",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125.",1]
[null,null,127,"Lubricant and Coolant Fluids","-","This indicator is used to access the consumption of lubricants and coolants required by the machine tool, or product.  It's proposed by author to measure the environmental burden of a machine tool, but can be used for all energy using products. Lubricants and coolants can be related to health effects too.","Type of lubricants and coolants, and their consumption in manufacturing and use stages","volume units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;","Engage more consumption-efficient systems;",null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Azkarate, A., Ricondo, I., Pérez, A., Martínez, P., 2011. An assessment method and design support system for designing sustainable machine tools. Journal of Engineering Design 22, 165–179.",1]
[null,null,128,"Products in reuse business/ Products in sales business","Nsps","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures absolute number of products supplied in sales business.","Absolute number of products supplied in reuse business/ Absolute number of products supplied in sales business","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,129,"Product Usage Period in Sales Business","Ppus","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the useful lifetime of the product in sales business.","Useful lifetime of the product in sales business","temporal units","Depends",null,null,null,null,"Increasing the durability of the product;","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,130,"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business","Ppur","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the useful lifetime of the product in reuse business. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Useful lifetime of the product in reuse business","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan;","Facilitating Reuse;",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Intensifying Use; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Increasing the durability of the product;","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Intensifying Use; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Increasing the durability of the product;","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs;  ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Increasing the durability of the product;","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Intensifying Use;","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[null,null,134,"Mean Time Between Failure","MTBF","This indicator measures the mean period of time between failures of the product.","Mean period of time between failures","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry.",1]
[null,null,135,"Heavy metal emissions to water","-","This indicator measures the total amount of heavy metal emissions to water in tons per year.","Total amount of heavy metal emissions to water per year","tons/year","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119.",1]
[null,null,136,"Greenhouse Gases from Energy Use","-","This indicator measures the total CO2 emissions from energy use during manufacturing in million tons. ","Total CO2 emissions from energy use","milion tons of CO2 emission","↓",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Energy Resources;","Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null," Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119.",1]
[null,null,137,"CFC Emissions","-","This indicator measures the total CFC emissions during manufacturing in tons of CFC-11 per year.","Total CFC emissions per year","tons of CFC-11/year","↓",null," Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119.",1]
[null,null,138,"Greenhouse Gases from Transport during Life Cycle","-","This indicator measures the amount of carbon dioxide from transport in product's life cycle.","Amount of carbon dioxide from transport in product's life cycle","CO2 eqv.","↓",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Energy Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119.",1]
[null,null,139,"Post-consumer Recycled Material Use","-","Once a material or product reaches its end-of-life, it's considered \"post-consumer\", which can be reused, recycled or remanufactured. This indicator measures the total amount of post-consumer recycled material use per year in the manufacturing process. Post-consumer recycled material is distinguished from pre-consumer recycled material, which is the reintroduction of manufacture scraps back in the production process.","Amount of post-consumer recycled materials per year","tons per year","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119.",1]
[null,null,139,"Post-consumer Recycled Material Use","-","Once a material or product reaches its end-of-life, it's considered \"post-consumer\", which can be reused, recycled or remanufactured. This indicator measures the total amount of post-consumer recycled material use per year in the manufacturing process. Post-consumer recycled material is distinguished from pre-consumer recycled material, which is the reintroduction of manufacture scraps back in the production process.","Amount of post-consumer recycled materials per year","tons per year","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119.",1]
[null,null,140,"Number of Different Materials","-","This indicator measures the number of different materials in the product. Decrease this number can facilitate the disassembly and recycling process. ","Number of different materials in the product","number of materials","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Minimizing the Overall Number of Different Incompatible Materials;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Zhang, H.C., Li, J., Shrivastava, P., Whitley, A., 2004. A web-based system for reverse manufacturing and product environmental impact assessment considering end-of-life dispositions. Manufacturing Technology 1, 0–3. / Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. ",3]
[null,null,141,"Number of Recoverable Materials","-","This indicator measures the number of recoverable materials in the product.","Number of recoverable materials in the product","-","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Zhang, H.C., Li, J., Shrivastava, P., Whitley, A., 2004. A web-based system for reverse manufacturing and product environmental impact assessment considering end-of-life dispositions. Manufacturing Technology 1, 0–3.",1]
[null,null,141,"Number of Recoverable Materials","-","This indicator measures the number of recoverable materials in the product.","Number of recoverable materials in the product","-","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Zhang, H.C., Li, J., Shrivastava, P., Whitley, A., 2004. A web-based system for reverse manufacturing and product environmental impact assessment considering end-of-life dispositions. Manufacturing Technology 1, 0–3.",1]
[null,null,142,"Number of Hazardous Materials","-","This indicator measures the number of hazardous materials in the product.","Number of different hazardous materials in the product","-","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Zhang, H.C., Li, J., Shrivastava, P., Whitley, A., 2004. A web-based system for reverse manufacturing and product environmental impact assessment considering end-of-life dispositions. Manufacturing Technology 1, 0–3.",1]
[null,null,143,"Environmental Persistence","T","The persistence of a chemical in the environment is an important factor for the human health impact assessment. This indicator measures the persistence of a toxic chemical in the environment, where Mj is the mass in the environmental compartment j, and kj is the decay rate of the chemical in the compartment j.",null,"mg kg day","-",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Yuan, C.Y., Dornfeld, D. a., 2010. A Schematic Method for Sustainable Material Selection of Toxic Chemicals in Design and Manufacturing. Journal of Mechanical Design 132, 091014.",1]
[null,null,144,"Energy Content of Raw Materials","-","The indicator Energy Content is defined as \nthe energy necessary to extract and produce one kg of the raw material. It also depends on recyclability, for instance, usually the energy necessary for recycling of the materials is less than the energy used for primary\nproduction. ","Energy necessary to extract and produce one kg of the raw material","MJ","↓",null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242.",1]
[null,null,144,"Energy Content of Raw Materials","-","The indicator Energy Content is defined as \nthe energy necessary to extract and produce one kg of the raw material. It also depends on recyclability, for instance, usually the energy necessary for recycling of the materials is less than the energy used for primary\nproduction. ","Energy necessary to extract and produce one kg of the raw material","MJ","↓",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242.",1]
[null,null,145,"End-of-life scenario","-","This indicator measures the percentage distribution of the whole product end-of-life, e.g., the materials contained in the waste streams for recycling, incineration and landfills.","% distribution of the whole product at end-of-life","% per final destination","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242.",1]
[null,null,145,"End-of-life scenario","-","This indicator measures the percentage distribution of the whole product end-of-life, e.g., the materials contained in the waste streams for recycling, incineration and landfills.","% distribution of the whole product at end-of-life","% per final destination","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242.",1]
[null,null,145,"End-of-life scenario","-","This indicator measures the percentage distribution of the whole product end-of-life, e.g., the materials contained in the waste streams for recycling, incineration and landfills.","% distribution of the whole product at end-of-life","% per final destination","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242.",1]
[null,null,145,"End-of-life scenario","-","This indicator measures the percentage distribution of the whole product end-of-life, e.g., the materials contained in the waste streams for recycling, incineration and landfills.","% distribution of the whole product at end-of-life","% per final destination","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242.",1]
[null,null,145,"End-of-life scenario","-","This indicator measures the percentage distribution of the whole product end-of-life, e.g., the materials contained in the waste streams for recycling, incineration and landfills.","% distribution of the whole product at end-of-life","% per final destination","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242.",1]
[null,null,146,"Amount of Restricted Materials","-","This indicator measures the absolute mass of all restricted materials used in production.","Absolute mass of all restricted materials","mass units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Laws and regulations;","Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[null,null,147,"Amount of Prohibited Materials","-","This indicator measures the absolute mass of all prohibited materials used in production.","Absolute mass of all prohibited materials","mass units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Laws and regulations;","Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[null,null,148,"Fraction of Reused Components","-","This indicator measures the number of reused components relative to the total number of components.","Number of reused components/total number of components of the product","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[null,null,149,"Suppliers with EMS ","-","This indicator measures the number of suppliers with an  EMS (Environmental Management System)","Number of suppliers with EMS ","number of suppliers","↑",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Laws and regulations;","Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[null,null,150,"Secondary Energy Use","-","This indicator measures the amount of secondary energy use during the use phase of a product. Secondary energy can be defined as the generation of energy or fuels from other (usually primary) energy or fuels.","Amount of secondary energy used during operation","energy units","Depends",null,null,null,null,"Select systems with energy-efficient operation and use stage; ",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[null,null,150,"Secondary Energy Use","-","This indicator measures the amount of secondary energy use during the use phase of a product. Secondary energy can be defined as the generation of energy or fuels from other (usually primary) energy or fuels.","Amount of secondary energy used during operation","energy units","Depends",null,null,null,null,"Engage dynamic consumption of energy;",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[null,null,151,"Combustion Emissions ","-","This indicator measures the total emissions from combustion in use stage.","Total combustion emissions during use","-","↓",null,null,null,null,"Select systems with energy-efficient operation and use stage; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[null,null,151,"Combustion Emissions ","-","This indicator measures the total emissions from combustion in use stage.","Total combustion emissions during use","-","↓",null,null,null,null,"Engage dynamic consumption of energy;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[null,null,152,"Spare Parts and Consumables","-","This indicator measures the total number of spare parts and consumables of the product. ","Number of spare parts and consumables","number of parts and consumables","↓",null,null,null,null,"Minimizing Materials Consumption During Usage; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[null,null,152,"Spare Parts and Consumables","-","This indicator measures the total number of spare parts and consumables of the product. ","Number of spare parts and consumables","number of parts and consumables","↓",null,null,null,null,"Engage systems of flexible materials consumption; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[null,null,153,"Existence of Disposal/Recycling Manual ","-","Having a disposal/recycling manual is important to facilitate the correct end-of-life of products.","Yes/No","-","-",null,null,null,null,null,"Provide collection and processing of the product at its end of life; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[null,null,154,"Energy Saving in Use Phase","Eu","This indicator measures the relative energy consumption of a product, where OutputE represents the total energy of output and InputE the total energy of input. The energy saving can be a result of reducing power from extraneous energy sources within a product, and/or from reducing total energy consumption of the entire product during periods of non-use.","OutputE/InputE","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,"Select systems with energy-efficient operation and use stage; ",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425.",1]
[null,null,154,"Energy Saving in Use Phase","Eu","This indicator measures the relative energy consumption of a product, where OutputE represents the total energy of output and InputE the total energy of input. The energy saving can be a result of reducing power from extraneous energy sources within a product, and/or from reducing total energy consumption of the entire product during periods of non-use.","OutputE/InputE","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,"Engage dynamic consumption of energy;",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425.",1]
[null,null,155,"Mass Fraction of Reused Components","-","This indicator measures the relative mass of the reused component in the product .","Total reused component weight/total end of life product weight","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[null,null,157,"Landfill Fraction","RECL","This indicator measures the relative mass of the product destined to landfill.","total landfill component weight/total end of life product weight","dimensionless","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null," Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[null,null,157,"Landfill Fraction","RECL","This indicator measures the relative mass of the product destined to landfill.","total landfill component weight/total end of life product weight","dimensionless","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null," Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[null,null,157,"Landfill Fraction","RECL","This indicator measures the relative mass of the product destined to landfill.","total landfill component weight/total end of life product weight","dimensionless","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[null,null,157,"Landfill Fraction","RECL","This indicator measures the relative mass of the product destined to landfill.","total landfill component weight/total end of life product weight","dimensionless","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[null,null,158,"Toxicity Mass Fraction","MatH","This indicator measures the hazardous materials in the product, in percentage.","(Total hazardous material weight/Total product weight) . 100%","%","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425.",1]
[null,null,159,"Product Weight","MatW","Reduce the total product weight can avoid the resource depletion. This indicator measures the absolute product weight.","Total product weight","mass units","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Content;",null,null,null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Hur, T., Lee, J., Ryu, J., Kwon, E., 2005. Simplified LCA and matrix methods in identifying the environmental aspects of a product system. Journal of Environmental Management 75, 229–237. / Zhang, H.C., Li, J., Shrivastava, P., Whitley, A., 2004. A web-based system for reverse manufacturing and product environmental impact assessment considering end-of-life dispositions. Manufacturing Technology 1, 0–3. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",5]
[null,null,160,"Wastewater Treatment Rate","-","This indicator measures the quantity of treated waste water relative to the total generation of waste water during the manufacturing process.","Treated waste water/Waste water generation","%","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Despeisse, M., Mbaye, F., Ball, P.D., Levers, A., 2012. The emergence of sustainable manufacturing practices. Production Planning & Control 23, 354–376.",1]
[null,null,161,"Hazardous Sludge Volume","-","This indicator measures the generation of hazardous sludge volume during the manufacturing process.","Amount of hazardous sludge volume generated","volume units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;","Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous waste;","Water pollutants;",null,null,"absolute","Despeisse, M., Mbaye, F., Ball, P.D., Levers, A., 2012. The emergence of sustainable manufacturing practices. Production Planning & Control 23, 354–376.",1]
[null,null,162,"Critical Water Mass","CTWM","This indicator measures the maximum acceptable concentration limits of pollutant substances in water emissions during manufacturing.","pollutant emission mass at interval t(kg pollutant/h) / standard limit value (kg pollutant/kg water)","kg water/h","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Duque, J., Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D., Novais, A.Q., 2007. Synthesis and optimization of the recovery route for residual products under uncertain product demand. Computers & Operations Research 34, 1463–1490. / Khan, F., 2001. GreenPro: a new methodology for cleaner and greener process design. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 14, 307–328.",2]
[null,null,163,"Recovery of Residual Products Energy Consumption","-","This indicator measures the oil fuel consumption for managing the recovery of residual products that originate\nat industrial plants.","Oil fuel consumption for managing the recovery of residual products","volume units","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Duque, J., Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D., Novais, A.Q., 2007. Synthesis and optimization of the recovery route for residual products under uncertain product demand. Computers & Operations Research 34, 1463–1490. ",1]
[null,null,163,"Recovery of Residual Products Energy Consumption","-","This indicator measures the oil fuel consumption for managing the recovery of residual products that originate\nat industrial plants.","Oil fuel consumption for managing the recovery of residual products","volume units","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Duque, J., Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D., Novais, A.Q., 2007. Synthesis and optimization of the recovery route for residual products under uncertain product demand. Computers & Operations Research 34, 1463–1490. ",1]
[null,null,164,"Total Transportation during Manufacturing","-","This indicator quantifies the total kilometers travelled in manufacturing stage.","Total kilometers travelled for production purposes","km/yr","↓",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316.",1]
[null,null,165,"Fossil fuel consumption in transportation","-","This indicator measures the total amount of fossil fuel used in transportation in manufacturing.","Amount of fossil fuel used in transportation during manufacturing","t/yr","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316.",1]
[null,null,166,"Product Material Sold","-","This indicator measures the mass of product sold per total amount of materials used to manufacture it. It can be used to measure the intensity of material use.","Mass of product sold per total amount of materials used to manufacture it","t/t","↓",null,null," Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316.",1]
[null,null,167,"Pesticide use","-","This indicator measures the amount of pesticide use in raw materials to the production output of a product, as tomato ketchup, for instance. In this case, the indicator measures the amount of pesticide used to produce the tomatoes needed to the production output of ketchup.  This indicator shows whether a shift towards less pesticide intensive production is achieved, which is important for reducing the environmental impacts.","Amount of pesticide use/production output","t/t","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731.",1]
[null,null,167,"Pesticide use","-","This indicator measures the amount of pesticide use in raw materials to the production output of a product, as tomato ketchup, for instance. In this case, the indicator measures the amount of pesticide used to produce the tomatoes needed to the production output of ketchup.  This indicator shows whether a shift towards less pesticide intensive production is achieved, which is important for reducing the environmental impacts.","Amount of pesticide use/production output","t/t","↓",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731.",1]
[null,null,168,"Volume Fraction per Transportation Mode","-"," As different modes of transport differ in their efficiency, this indicator aims to measure the proportion of transport in the whole supply chain of transport means. For instance, the shift from road to rail transport for example can reduce the energy intensity with factor 2 according to a Swedish study and respectfully the environmental impact from transportation.","Volume by means of transportation/ Total transportation volume","t.km/ t.km","Depends on transport mode",null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731.",1]
[null,null,168,"Volume Fraction per Transportation Mode","-"," As different modes of transport differ in their efficiency, this indicator aims to measure the proportion of transport in the whole supply chain of transport means. For instance, the shift from road to rail transport for example can reduce the energy intensity with factor 2 according to a Swedish study and respectfully the environmental impact from transportation.","Volume by means of transportation/ Total transportation volume","t.km/ t.km","Depends on transport mode",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Energy Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731.",1]
[null,null,169,"Intensity of transportation","-","This indicator reflects whether there is improvement in the efficiency of the freight transportation in terms of improved logistics and distance travelled.","Volume of goods transportation/product output","t.km/ t.km","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;  ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731.",1]
[null,null,170,"Mass Fraction of Recycled Packaging","-","This indicator measures the total recycled packaging mass used relative to total packaging mass.","Recycled packaging mass/Total packaging mass ","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205. / Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152. / Verghese, K.L., Horne, R., Carre, A., 2010. PIQET : the design and development of an online “ streamlined ” LCA tool for sustainable packaging design decision support. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 15, 608–620.",4]
[null,null,171,"Recovered and Recycled Plastics","-","This indicator will show improvements in the waste treatment of plastic waste. ","Recovered and recycled plastics/total plastic waste in supply chain","t/t","↑",null,null,null,null,null," Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies; ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731.",1]
[null,null,172,"Product Solid Waste","-","In this approach, the product is treated as solid waste if that it's not be reused or recycled.","Volume of solid waste = volume of non-recycled or non-reused part","mm³","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Provide collection and processing of the product at its end of life; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities;  ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Choi, a. C.K., Kaebernick, H., Lai, W.H., 1997. Manufacturing processes modelling for environmental impact assessment. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 70, 231–238.",1]
[null,null,173,"Noise",null," The most commonly used way to measure noise is to use a sound-level meter. Harm to human beings caused by noise is directly related to the strength of noise. This indicator measures the noise emitted from the manufacturing process. The impact of the noise can be evaluated by the number of complaints of the neighborhood.",null,"dB(A) ","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Noise;","absolute","Choi, a. C.K., Kaebernick, H., Lai, W.H., 1997. Manufacturing processes modelling for environmental impact assessment. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 70, 231–238. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Gao, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, D., Zhang, L., Gu, G., 2010. Selection of green product design scheme based on multi-attribute decision-making method. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 3, 277–291.",4]
[null,null,175,"Biomass energy per Product","-","This indicator measures the use o biomass energy to manufacture the product.","Biomass energy used to manufacture the product","kg/product","↑",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Energy Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,176,"Natural Gas consumption per Product","-","This indicator quantifies the natural gas used to manufacture the product.","Natural gas used to manufacture the product","MJ/product","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,177,"Electricity Consumption per product","-","This indicator quantifies the electricity used to manufacture the product.","Electricity used to manufacture the product","kWh/product","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,178,"Fuel consumption per product","-","This indicator quantifies the amount of fuel used to manufacture the product, including petrol and diesel consumption for transportation.","Fuel used to manufacture the product","liters/product","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,179,"LPG consumption per product","-","This indicator quantifies the amount of LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) used to manufacture the product.","LPG used to manufacture the product","liters/product","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,180,"Product Fresh Water Use ","-","This indicator measures the amount of fresh water used per product manufactured, not including reused water in manufacturing.","Amount of fresh water used per product manufactured","liters/product","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,"Water use;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,181,"Product Hazardous Materials ","-","This indicator measures the amount of hazardous materials used per product manufactured.","Amount of hazardous materials used per product manufactured","kg/product","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205. / Zhang, H.C., Li, J., Shrivastava, P., Whitley, A., 2004. A web-based system for reverse manufacturing and product environmental impact assessment considering end-of-life dispositions. Manufacturing Technology 1, 0–3.",2]
[null,null,182,"Packaging Recyclability per Product","-","This indicator measures the amount of recyclable packaging per product manufactured.","Amount of recyclable packaging per product ","kg/product","↑",null,null,null," Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,183,"Distance From Source","-","This indicator expresses the distance from source in kilometers to get raw materials for production.","Distance from source of raw materials","km/product","↓",null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,184,"Scrap Recyclability","-","This indicator measures the percentage of scrap recyclability in the production process per product manufactured","Percentage of scrap recyclability in the production process per product manufactured","%/product","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,185,"Product Rejects","-","This indicator quantifies the amount of product rejects during the use phase.","Amount of product rejects","kg/product","↓",null,null,null,null,"Minimizing Materials Consumption During Usage; ",null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,185,"Product Rejects","-","This indicator quantifies the amount of product rejects during the use phase.","Amount of product rejects","kg/product","↓",null,null,null,null,"Engage systems of flexible materials consumption; ",null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,186,"Product Scrap","-","This indicator quantifies the amount of product scrap during the use phase.","Amount of product scrap","kg/product","↓",null,null,null,null,"Minimizing Materials Consumption During Usage; ",null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,186,"Product Scrap","-","This indicator quantifies the amount of product scrap during the use phase.","Amount of product scrap","kg/product","↓",null,null,null,null,"Engage systems of flexible materials consumption; ",null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,187,"Product Solid Waste Fraction","-","In this approach, the product is treated as solid waste if that it's not be reused or recycled.","Mass of non-recovered parts of the product/Total mass of product","% of weight/product","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Provide collection and processing of the product at its end of life; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities;",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,188,"Product Biodegradable Packaging","-","This indicator measures the mass of biodegradable packaging relative to the total packaging per product manufactured.","Percentage of biodegradable packaging per product ","%/product","↑",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials;",null," Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Biodegradable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,189,"Packaging Scrap","-","This indicator measures the mass of packaging scrap per product manufactured.","Amount of packaging scrap per product manufactured","kg/product","↓",null,null,null," Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,190,"Ozone Depletion Substances in the Product","-","This indicator measures the amount of ozone depletion substances in the product, such as  CFC and HCFC.","Amount of ozone depletion substances in the product, such as  CFC and HCFC","kg/product","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,191,"Transportation Distance for Disposal","-","This indicator quantifies the transportation distance for disposal of waste generated to manufacture a product. Increase this rate can save energy consumption and gaseous emissions.","Transportation distance for disposal of waste generated to manufacture a product","km/product","↓",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,192,"Fuel Emissions-Exhaust in Logistical Waste","-","This indicator measures the fuel emissions-exhaust due to logistical waste per product manufactured during the production process.","Fuel emissions-exhaust per product","kg gas/product","↓",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,null,null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[null,null,194,"Biochemical Oxygen Demand","BOD5","This indicator measures the BOD discharged in ppm in effluent or kg/t.",null,"ppm in effluent or kg/t","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481.",1]
[null,null,194,"Biochemical Oxygen Demand","BOD5","This indicator measures the BOD discharged in ppm in effluent or kg/t.",null,"ppm in effluent or kg/t","↓",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481.",1]
[null,null,195,"Chemical Oxygen Demand","COD","This indicator measures the COD discharged in ppm in effluent or kg/t.","Similar to calculation of BOD5 ","ppm in effluent or kg/t","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481.",1]
[null,null,195,"Chemical Oxygen Demand","COD","This indicator measures the COD discharged in ppm in effluent or kg/t.","Similar to calculation of BOD5 ","ppm in effluent or kg/t","↓",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481.",1]
[null,null,196,"Specific Solid Waste Mass ",null,"This indicator measures the absolute mass of solid waste generated in the manufacturing process relative to production output.","Mass of solid waste/Production output","kg/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Khan, F., 2001. GreenPro: a new methodology for cleaner and greener process design. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 14, 307–328.",3]
[null,null,199,"Materials Reusability","Rus","This indicator measures the amount of reused materials relative to the total material consumption in manufacturing.","amount of reused materials / total material consumption in manufacturing","%","↑",null,null,"Engage more consumption-efficient systems;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",1]
[null,null,202,"Defects recyclability","Drec","This indicator express the rate of recycled defective products relative to the total number of defective products.","number of recycled defective products / total number of defective products","%","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,"  Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,null,null,"Defective products;",null,null,null,"relative","Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",1]
[null,null,204,"By-products recyclability","Brec","This indicator measures the amount of recycled by-products relative to the total amount of by-products generated in manufacturing.","amount of recycled by-products / total amount of by-products generated","%","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"By-products;",null,null,null,"relative","Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",1]
[null,null,213,"Total time for product retirement","-","This indicator measures the total time for product retirement from the market.","Time to collect the product from the user + Labor time to disassemble product + Time to reuse, remanufacture, recycle, or landfill the components","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Lee, S.G., Lye, S.W., Khoo, M.K., 2005. A Multi-Objective Methodology for Evaluating Product End-of-Life Options and Disassembly 148–156. / Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",2]
[null,null,213,"Total time for product retirement","-","This indicator measures the total time for product retirement from the market.","Time to collect the product from the user + Labor time to disassemble product + Time to reuse, remanufacture, recycle, or landfill the components","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Lee, S.G., Lye, S.W., Khoo, M.K., 2005. A Multi-Objective Methodology for Evaluating Product End-of-Life Options and Disassembly 148–156. / Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",2]
[null,null,213,"Total time for product retirement","-","This indicator measures the total time for product retirement from the market.","Time to collect the product from the user + Labor time to disassemble product + Time to reuse, remanufacture, recycle, or landfill the components","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;  ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Lee, S.G., Lye, S.W., Khoo, M.K., 2005. A Multi-Objective Methodology for Evaluating Product End-of-Life Options and Disassembly 148–156. / Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",2]
[null,null,213,"Total time for product retirement","-","This indicator measures the total time for product retirement from the market.","Time to collect the product from the user + Labor time to disassemble product + Time to reuse, remanufacture, recycle, or landfill the components","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Provide collection and processing of the product at its end of life; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Lee, S.G., Lye, S.W., Khoo, M.K., 2005. A Multi-Objective Methodology for Evaluating Product End-of-Life Options and Disassembly 148–156. / Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",2]
[null,null,213,"Total time for product retirement","-","This indicator measures the total time for product retirement from the market.","Time to collect the product from the user + Labor time to disassemble product + Time to reuse, remanufacture, recycle, or landfill the components","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Identifying Materials;  ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Lee, S.G., Lye, S.W., Khoo, M.K., 2005. A Multi-Objective Methodology for Evaluating Product End-of-Life Options and Disassembly 148–156. / Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",2]
[null,null,213,"Total time for product retirement","-","This indicator measures the total time for product retirement from the market.","Time to collect the product from the user + Labor time to disassemble product + Time to reuse, remanufacture, recycle, or landfill the components","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Minimizing the Overall Number of Different Incompatible Materials; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Lee, S.G., Lye, S.W., Khoo, M.K., 2005. A Multi-Objective Methodology for Evaluating Product End-of-Life Options and Disassembly 148–156. / Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",2]
[null,null,213,"Total time for product retirement","-","This indicator measures the total time for product retirement from the market.","Time to collect the product from the user + Labor time to disassemble product + Time to reuse, remanufacture, recycle, or landfill the components","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating End-of-life Collection and Transportation; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Lee, S.G., Lye, S.W., Khoo, M.K., 2005. A Multi-Objective Methodology for Evaluating Product End-of-Life Options and Disassembly 148–156. / Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",2]
[null,null,214,"Environmental Load Factor","ELF","This indicator measures the quantity of waste generated to manufacture the product per product's weight. ","(weight of waste) / (weight of the product)","dimensionless","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Khan, F., 2001. GreenPro: a new methodology for cleaner and greener process design. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 14, 307–328.",1]
[null,null,215,"Reliability","Rp","Reliability is a measure of the useful life of a product. In the formulae, n = 1, 2, 3, . . . ,N; Rn = e-t/MTBEn (the reliability of component n); t is the expected product life; and MTBFn is the mean time before failure for component n.","[R1 .  R2 . R3 . . . Rn] (for a system in series) or [1 - (1 - R1).(1- R2).(1 - R3) . . . (1 - Rn)] (for a system in parallel)","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability;  ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Lye, S.W., Lee, S.G., Khoo, M.K., 2001. A design methodology for the strategic assessment of a product’s eco-efficiency. International Journal of Production Research 39, 2453–2474.",1]
[null,null,216,"Life Cycle Water Consumption","-","This indicator measures the amount of input water throughout all product's life cycle, including process water and cooling water. The water data obtained for metals must be treated with caution because cooling water is not always considered by all sources, and process water is often underestimated, especially for mining and beneficiation.","Amount of input water throughout all product's life cycle","L","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;","Engage more consumption-efficient systems; ",null,null,null,null,"Water use;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kang, Y.-C., Chun, D.-M., Jun, Y., Ahn, S.-H., 2010. Computer-aided environmental design system for the energy-using product (EuP) directive. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 11, 397–406.",1]
[null,null,217,"Volatile Organic Compounds","VOCs","Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are indicators of smog and ground-level ozone, with accounting units of grams (g), and can also cause neurological health problems. This indicator measures the quantity of VOCs emissions during the any life cycle stage per production output.","Quantity of VOCs emissions in any life cycle stage per production output","mass units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Kang, Y.-C., Chun, D.-M., Jun, Y., Ahn, S.-H., 2010. Computer-aided environmental design system for the energy-using product (EuP) directive. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 11, 397–406. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481.",2]
[null,null,218,"Persistent Organic Pollutants","POPs","Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) include the contents of dioxins and furans in the air that are relevant to the EuP, but no emissions to water.  This indicator measures the quantity of POPs emissions during the any life cycle stage.","Quantity of POPs emissions in any life cycle stage","mass units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Kang, Y.-C., Chun, D.-M., Jun, Y., Ahn, S.-H., 2010. Computer-aided environmental design system for the energy-using product (EuP) directive. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 11, 397–406.",1]
[null,null,219,"Heavy Metals  ","HMs","Heavy metals (HMs) are expressed in mg Ni-eq. This indicator measures the quantity of HMs emissions during the any life cycle stage.","Quantity of HMs emissions in any life cycle stage","mass units in Ni-eq","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;","Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Kang, Y.-C., Chun, D.-M., Jun, Y., Ahn, S.-H., 2010. Computer-aided environmental design system for the energy-using product (EuP) directive. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 11, 397–406.",1]
[null,null,220,"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","PAHs","The current accounting unit in legislation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is mg Ni-eq. This indicator measures the quantity of PAHs emissions during the any life cycle stage.","Quantity of PAHs emissions in any life cycle stage","mass units in Ni-eq","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Kang, Y.-C., Chun, D.-M., Jun, Y., Ahn, S.-H., 2010. Computer-aided environmental design system for the energy-using product (EuP) directive. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 11, 397–406.",1]
[null,null,221,"Particulate Matter","PM","Particulate Matter(PM) is an indicator for human toxicity, such as respiratory problems. This indicator measures the quantity of PM emissions during the any life cycle stage.","Quantity of PM emissions in any life cycle stage","mass units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Kang, Y.-C., Chun, D.-M., Jun, Y., Ahn, S.-H., 2010. Computer-aided environmental design system for the energy-using product (EuP) directive. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 11, 397–406.",1]
[null,null,222,"Disassembly Time Ratio","-","This indicator measures the percentual reduction in time to disassembly the product, comparing a baseline model to the new (redesigned) model.","Reduction in time to dismantle the product = (1 - nem model time)/baseline model time x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,223,"Labeling of materials types","-","This indicator measures the number of different materials identified in the product, in order to facilitate collection and recycling.","Number of different materials identified in the product","number of materials  ","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Identifying Materials;",null,"Material type;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,224,"Recyclability Improvement Ratio","-","This indicator reflects the improvement of percentage of materials, by weight, for which recycling is feasible.","(new model percentage - baseline model percentage)/(100% - baseline model percentage) x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,224,"Recyclability Improvement Ratio","-","This indicator reflects the improvement of percentage of materials, by weight, for which recycling is feasible.","(new model percentage - baseline model percentage)/(100% - baseline model percentage) x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,225,"Recycled glass usage","-","This indicator measures the recycled glass usage as percentage of total glass weight in the product.","Recycled glass usage in the product/Glass usage in the product x 100%","% ","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,225,"Recycled glass usage","-","This indicator measures the recycled glass usage as percentage of total glass weight in the product.","Recycled glass usage in the product/Glass usage in the product x 100%","% ","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,226,"Recycled plastics usage","-","This indicator measures the recycled plastics usage as percentage of total plastic weight in the product.","Recycled plastics usage in the product/Plastics usage in the product x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,226,"Recycled plastics usage","-","This indicator measures the recycled plastics usage as percentage of total plastic weight in the product.","Recycled plastics usage in the product/Plastics usage in the product x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,227,"Recycled paper usage","-","This indicator measures the recycled paper usage as percentage of total paper weight in the product.","Recycled paper usage in the product/Paper usage in the product x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,227,"Recycled paper usage","-","This indicator measures the recycled paper usage as percentage of total paper weight in the product.","Recycled paper usage in the product/Paper usage in the product x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,228,"Product Weight Reduction Ratio","-","This indicator measures the product weight reduction ratio.","(1 - new model weight in grams)/(baseline model weight in grams) x 100%","%","↑",null,"Minimizing Material Content;",null,null,null,"Facilitating End-of-life Collection and Transportation;"," Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;  ","Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,229,"Product Volume Reduction Ratio","-","This indicator measures the product volume reduction ratio.","(1 - new model volume in cm³)/(baseline model volume in cm³) x 100%","%","↑",null,"Minimizing Material Content;",null,null,null,"Facilitating End-of-life Collection and Transportation;"," Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;  ","Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,230,"Parts Count Reduction Ratio","-","This indicator measures the product count parts reduction ratio.","(1 - new model count parts)/(baseline model count parts) x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability;",null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,231,"Initial Failure Rate","-","This indicator measures the initial percentage of product's failures. The initial period of a population of units of the product is characterized by a decreasing failure rate. It is what occurs during the “early life” of this population.","Initial Failure Rate","%","↓",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,232,"Annual Failure Rate","-","This indicator measures the annual percentage of product's failures.","Annual failure rate","%","↓",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,233,"Energy consumption in standby mode","-","This indicator measures the energy consumption in standby mode.","Energy consumption in standby mode","Watts","↓",null,null,null,null,"Select systems with energy-efficient operation and use stage; ",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,233,"Energy consumption in standby mode","-","This indicator measures the energy consumption in standby mode.","Energy consumption in standby mode","Watts","↓",null,null,null,null,"Engage dynamic consumption of energy;",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,234,"Energy Consumption during Use Improvement Ratio","-","This indicator measures the reduction in percentage of energy consumption during use phase.","(1 - new model)/(baseline model) x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,"Select systems with energy-efficient operation and use stage; ",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,234,"Energy Consumption during Use Improvement Ratio","-","This indicator measures the reduction in percentage of energy consumption during use phase.","(1 - new model)/(baseline model) x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,"Engage dynamic consumption of energy;",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,235,"Polystyrene Foam Usage Reduction","-","This indicator measures the polystyrene foam usage reduction ratio between a baseline model and a new one (redesigned).","(1 - new model weight in grams)/(baseline model weight in grams) x 100%","%","↑",null,null," Engage more consumption-efficient systems; ","Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,236,"Packaging Weight Reduction Ratio","-","This indicator measures the packaging weight reduction ratio between a baseline model and a new one (redesigned).","(1 - new model weight in grams)/(baseline model weight in grams) x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null," Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[null,null,237,"Disassemblability Evaluation Score","Ei","This indicator Ei is provided by Hitachi Disassemblability Evaluation Method (DEM), which is based in\na 100 point scale, and provides simultaneously the disassembly time estimation. The score acts as an index for the two goals, which are a quantitative express for ease of disassembly and indication on areas that required improvements. In the equation, τ is the demerit constant, and f is time value for operations. The demerit score, τf, reflects the time values for operations that have potential to be improved , and it expresses the degree of improvement possibility and therefore shows the possible level of the part improvements. By concentrating on parts for which the index value (Ei) is particularly low, effective design improvements can be carried out in an efficient manner. An excellent design should achieve an evaluation score, Ei, more than 80%.","Ei = 100 - τf = 100 - penalty point","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[null,null,238,"Total time for disassembly","TTD","This indicator is used as a parameter to give a measure of the efficiency of a given disassembly sequence of a product. It's calculated based on the disassemble of each subassembly xi. In order to calculate the TTD for\nalternative disassembly sequences of a product, the following information must be known: disassembly sequences of the product, disassembly time of each component of the product, disassembly directions and joint types of the components of the product.",null,"temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[null,null,239,"Preparation Time","Tp","This indicator is used to estimate the disassembly time of each component of the product. It is used to calculate the indicator \"Disassembly Time of Each component\" (code 243).","Time for identifying joint elements (Tpb) + Time for searching and identifying tools(Tps) + Time for gripping tools(Tpg)","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[null,null,240,"Movement time","Tm","This indicator is used to estimate the disassembly time of each component of the product.  It is used to calculate the indicator \"Disassembly Time of Each component\" (code 243).","Time for moving between joint elements(Tmd) + Time for redirecting toward the side of joint elements(Td)","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[null,null,241,"Operation Time/Disassembly Time","Td","This indicator is used to estimate the disassembly time of each component of the product.  It is used to calculate the indicator \"Disassembly Time of Each component\" (code 243).","Time for aligning between tool and joint element(Tdal) + Time for tool operation area(Tda) + Time for basic separation of joint element(Tdb) + Time for intensity of work(Tw)","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[null,null,242,"Post-processing time","Tpr","This indicator is used to estimate the disassembly time of each component of the product.  It is used to calculate the indicator \"Disassembly Time of Each component\" (code 243).","Time for post-processing due to weight and size of the disassembled parts (Tprsw) + Time for post-processing due to movement of disassembled parts (Tprdt) + Time for post-processing due to hazard (Tprd)","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[null,null,243,"Disassembly Time of each component","-","This indicator is measured by the sum of the indicators \"Preparation time\" (code 239), \"Movement time\" (code 240), \"Operation time\" (code 241) and \"Post-processing time\" (code 242).","Preparation time (Tp) + Movement time (Tm) + Operation time (Td) + Post-processing time (Tpr)","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[null,null,244,"Disassembly time of the product","-","This measure of the disassembly time of the product is the sum of the disassembly time of each component, indicator \"Disassembly Time of Each component\" (code 243).","Sum of the disassembly time of each component of the product","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[null,null,245,"Fraction of Parts to Remanufacture","-","This indicator estimates the percentage of product destined to remanufacture.","Percentage of parts of the product to remanufacture","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,246,"Reuse cycle","-","This indicator measures the reuse cycle of a reusable product, in years.","Reuse cycle in years","years","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,247,"First wear-out life","-","This indicator measures the first wear-out life of a reusable product, in years. When units of the product become old, they begin to fail at an increasing rate. It is called the “wearout” period.","First wear-out life in years","years","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,248,"Second wear-out life","-","This indicator measures the second wear-out life of a reusable product, in years. When units of the product become old, they begin to fail at an increasing rate. It is called the “wearout” period.","Second wear-out life in years","years","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,249,"Global wear-out life","-","This indicator measures the global wear-out life of a reusable product, in years. When units of the product become old, they begin to fail at an increasing rate. It is called the “wearout” period.","Global wear-out life in years","years","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,250,"Technology Cycle","-","Technological cycles are composed of technological discontinuities that trigger periods of technological and competitive ferment. In more complex assembled products, these technology cycles are applied at the subsystem level.","Technology cycle of a product in years","years","Depends",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,251,"Number of modules","-","This indicator measures the number of modules of the product.","Number of modules of the product","number of modules","↓",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability;",null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,252,"Active functions","-","This indicator measures the number of active functions in the product.","Number of active functions in the product","number of functions","↑",null,null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–1345.",1]
[null,null,253,"Number of types of fastener","-","This indicator measures the total number of different types of fastener in the product.","Number of different types of fastener in the product","number of different types of fastener","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,254,"Total number of fastener","-","This indicator measures the total number of fasteners in the product.","Total number of fasteners in the product","number of fasteners","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,255,"Product architecture","-","A modular design facilitates reuse, recycling and remanufacture.","Non-modular/Modular","-","Modular",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,255,"Product architecture","-","A modular design facilitates reuse, recycling and remanufacture.","Non-modular/Modular","-","Modular",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,255,"Product architecture","-","A modular design facilitates reuse, recycling and remanufacture.","Non-modular/Modular","-","Modular",null,null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality;  ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,255,"Product architecture","-","A modular design facilitates reuse, recycling and remanufacture.","Non-modular/Modular","-","Modular",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,256,"Replaced parts","-","This indicator measures the percentage of replaced parts in a reusable/remanufacturable product.","Percentage of replaced parts in the product","%","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ","Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,257,"Parts reused after cleaning","-","This indicator measures the percentage of parts reused after cleaning in a reusable/remanufacturable product.","Percentage of parts reused after cleaning","%","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Cleaning;","Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,258,"Percentage of parts reused after repairing","-","This indicator measures the percentage of parts reused after repairing in a reusable/remanufacturable product.","Percentage of parts reused after repairing","%","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs; ","Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,259,"Percentage of parts reused after reconditioning","-","This indicator measures the percentage of parts reused after reconditioning in a reusable/remanufacturable product.","Percentage of parts reused after reconditioning","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,259,"Percentage of parts reused after reconditioning","-","This indicator measures the percentage of parts reused after reconditioning in a reusable/remanufacturable product.","Percentage of parts reused after reconditioning","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,260,"Energy saved for remanufacturing","-","This indicator measures the energy saved by using remanufactured product relative to the energy use for new product.","Energy saved by using remanufactured product/energy use for new product","%","↑",null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–1345.",1]
[null,null,261,"Reconditioned parts used in the product","-","This indicator measures the mass rate of reconditioned parts used in the product.","Mass of reconditioned parts/Total weight of the product","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[null,null,262,"Product and Packaging Recyclability","-","This indicator measures the total recyclability of the product, including packaging.","Mass of recyclable material in the product and its packaging/Total mass of product including packaging","%","↑",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,"  Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies; ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Hur, T., Lee, J., Ryu, J., Kwon, E., 2005. Simplified LCA and matrix methods in identifying the environmental aspects of a product system. Journal of Environmental Management 75, 229–237.",1]
[null,null,263,"Weight of Manual","-","This indicator measures the weight of the user manual of the product.","Weight of the manual","g","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Content;",null,null,null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Hur, T., Lee, J., Ryu, J., Kwon, E., 2005. Simplified LCA and matrix methods in identifying the environmental aspects of a product system. Journal of Environmental Management 75, 229–237.",1]
[null,null,264,"Total Recyclable Material in Manufacturing","-","This indicator measures the use of recyclable materials per period of time.","Mass of recyclable material processed per period of time","mass units/month","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"  Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513.",1]
[null,null,265,"Energy-weighted mass recovery index","EnergyIndex","This indicator measures the energy saved due to material recovery, in percentage. It explicitly provide comparison between the secondary commodity with the primary commodity that would otherwise be used for a specific application. In the formula, k represents the kth embedded material in a given flow, and mx represents mass of a given flow. The energy factors represents: Ep1 = total energy use to make the primary material for use in application 1, Er1 = total energy use to prepare the secondary material for use in application 1, and Emax = the total energy use to make the most energy-intensive primary material for which the secondary material could be substituted.",null,"%","↑",null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,"  Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513.",1]
[null,null,266,"Packaging to Landfill","-","This indicator measures the total mass of packaging used to landfill. It can be measured also relative to the total packaging used, as a percentage.","Total mass of packaging use destined to landfill","% or kg","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute and/or relative","Verghese, K.L., Horne, R., Carre, A., 2010. PIQET : the design and development of an online “ streamlined ” LCA tool for sustainable packaging design decision support. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 15, 608–620.",1]
[null,null,267,"Life Cycle Recyclable Packaging","-","This indicator measures the packaging recyclable used in the whole product's life cycle.","Total mass of packaging recyclable used in whole life cycle","kg","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Verghese, K.L., Horne, R., Carre, A., 2010. PIQET : the design and development of an online “ streamlined ” LCA tool for sustainable packaging design decision support. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 15, 608–620.",1]
[null,null,268,"Packaging per Packaging Level ","-","This indicator measures the mass of packaging used per packaging level (subretail, retail, merchandising, traded and pallet). It can be measured also relative to the total packaging mass used in the distribution system.","Mass of packaging use per packaging level (subretail, retail, merchandising, traded and pallet)","% and kg","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute and/or relative","Verghese, K.L., Horne, R., Carre, A., 2010. PIQET : the design and development of an online “ streamlined ” LCA tool for sustainable packaging design decision support. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 15, 608–620.",1]
[null,null,269,"Packaging Material Summary ","-","This indicator measures the number of each individual packaging material in packaging system format.","Number of each individual packaging material in packaging system format","number ","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Verghese, K.L., Horne, R., Carre, A., 2010. PIQET : the design and development of an online “ streamlined ” LCA tool for sustainable packaging design decision support. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 15, 608–620.",1]
[null,null,270,"Number of parts to be disassembled","-","This indicator measures the actual number of parts to be disassembled.","Actual number of parts to be disassembled","number of parts  ","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[null,null,271,"Number of parts not theoretically required","-","This indicator measures the difference between the total number of parts and  theoretical minimum number of parts."," (Total number of parts) - (Theoretical minimum number of parts)","number of parts  ","↓",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability;",null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[null,null,272,"Number of disassembly tasks","-","This indicator measures the total number of disassembly tasks.","Total number of disassembly tasks","number of tasks","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[null,null,273,"Tasks which don't result in\ndirect removal of a part","-","This indicator quantifies the number of tasks which don't result in\ndirect removal of a part.","Total number of tasks which don't result in\ndirect removal of a part","number of tasks","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[null,null,274,"Number of different tools ","-","This indicator quantifies the number of different tools used in disassembly.","Number of different tools used in disassembly","number of tools","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[null,null,275,"Tool manipulations","-","This indicator quantifies the number of  tool manipulations required in disassembly.","Number of tool manipulations","number of tool manipulations","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[null,null,276,"Hand manipulations","-","This indicator quantifies the number of  hand manipulations required in disassembly.","Number of hand manipulations","number of hand manipulations","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[null,null,277,"Assembly Design Efficiency","-","This relative measure shows how far the assembly efficiency is from the 100% in an ideal hypothetical design. The indicator compares a given design to a hypothetical design of the same product which consists of the theoretical minimum number of parts and where each part can be assembled with minimal effort.","3 x (Theor. Minimum Number of Parts) / Actual Assembly Time","%","↑",null,null,"Design for reliability;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[null,null,278,"Component Type","CT","The connection type between components in a product reflects how difficult is to destroy the connection. In the formula, the factor Ci represents the interactive index of connection for part i, which can be obtained from the table from \"Additional Material\" in the next column, and the n represents the number of connections.",null,"dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Gao, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, D., Zhang, L., Gu, G., 2010. Selection of green product design scheme based on multi-attribute decision-making method. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 3, 277–291.",1]
[null,null,279,"Structural Depth","SD","The disassembly performance is related to the structural depth between parts of a product. The structural depth is defined according to the relative positions between two parts. In the formula, the factor Di represents this relative position: if a part is directly connected with the standard part, Di = 1; if a part is connected with the standard part by another part, Di = 2, and so on. The factor m represents the total number of parts.",null,"dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Gao, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, D., Zhang, L., Gu, G., 2010. Selection of green product design scheme based on multi-attribute decision-making method. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 3, 277–291.",1]
[null,null,280,"Energy consumption for disassembly","EC","Disassembly process requires energy consumption, measured by this indicator. Reducing the energy consumption in disassembly improves the disassembly performance of the product. In the formula, Ei represents the energy consumption of destroying the connection of the part i, and m is the number of parts. In the next column, \"Additional Material\", you can find an example of measuring the energy consumption for disassembly Ei.",null,"energy units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Gao, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, D., Zhang, L., Gu, G., 2010. Selection of green product design scheme based on multi-attribute decision-making method. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 3, 277–291.",1]
[null,null,281,"Recycling Performance","RP","The recycling performance RP is related to the product's recyclability, according to the end-of-life options, or \"Recycling methods\", showed in the table in the next column (\"Additional Material\"). In the formula, Ri is the recycling index of part n obtained from the table beside, Wi is the mass of part i, and n is the number of parts of the product.",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Gao, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, D., Zhang, L., Gu, G., 2010. Selection of green product design scheme based on multi-attribute decision-making method. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 3, 277–291.",1]
[null,null,282,"Energy Efficiency","EE","The indicator EE is related to the energy efficiency of a part of the production process, as plastic injection. It can be measured by the relation between the real work performed by this unit and the energy consumption of doing this work.",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Gao, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, D., Zhang, L., Gu, G., 2010. Selection of green product design scheme based on multi-attribute decision-making method. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 3, 277–291.",1]

{"sheet":"Selected EPIs and Analysis","index":2,"n_rows":382,"n_cols":50,"rows_kept":382,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,9,0,14],[0,15,0,20],[1,27,2,33]]}
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Life Cycle Stage",null,null,null,null,null,"Environmental Aspects"]
["Selection Tool","Code","Name","Symbol","Detailed Description/More Information","How to measure","Unit","Desired Trend","Additional Material","Pre-manufacturing","Manufacturing","Distribution and Packaging","Use and maintenance","End-of-life","General Activities","Materials","Energy","Solid waste","Waste water","Gaseous Emissions","Energy Loss","Type of Measure","References","Recurrence (number of studies where the indicator is presented)",null,null,null,"Here you can check the EPIs that you have selected in step 3 of the guide. It is also provided na analysis of this set of indicators according to life cycle stages and environmental aspects. Check if there is some EPI missing!"]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B3","v":"x"},1,"Reusable Parts",".","This indicator measures the mass of elements or parts that can be reused relative to the total mass of the product.","Weight of reusable parts/Total weight of product","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B4","v":0},2,"Recyclable Materials in the product",".","This indicator measures the mass of recyclable in relation to the total mass of the product.","Weight of recyclable materials/Total weight of product","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190. / Hur, T., Lee, J., Ryu, J., Kwon, E., 2005. Simplified LCA and matrix methods in identifying the environmental aspects of a product system. Journal of Environmental Management 75, 229–237. / Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277.",6]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B5","v":0},2,"Recyclable Materials in the product",".","This indicator measures the mass of recyclable in relation to the total mass of the product.","Weight of recyclable materials/Total weight of product","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190. / Hur, T., Lee, J., Ryu, J., Kwon, E., 2005. Simplified LCA and matrix methods in identifying the environmental aspects of a product system. Journal of Environmental Management 75, 229–237. / Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277.",6]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B6","v":0},3,"Reversible Joints",".","The time required to disassemble reversible joints, such as screws and bolts, is much less than required for welded joints, so that the latter are much more complicated to disassemble and break up. This indicator quantifies the number of reversible joints relative to the total number of joints of a product.","Number of reversible joints/Number of total joints","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Category        ","Pre-manufacturing","Manufacturing and Design","Distribution and Packaging","Use and maintenance","End-of-life","General Activities","Materials","Energy","Solid waste","Waste water","Gaseous Emissions","Energy Loss"]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B7","v":0},4,"Same Material Joints",".","If the joints are made from the same material or materials that are compatible for recycling, there is no need for separate pieces before recycling, reducing the time of disassembly. This indicator measures the number of articulated parts that can be recycled together relative to the total number of joints of a product.","Same material joints/Number of total joints","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,"Material type;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Number of EPIs        ",{"$f":"COUNTA(AJ10:AJ500)","v":0},0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B8","v":0},5,"Material identification labels",".","One of the important aspects in the disassembly and subsequent recycling is identify which materials the product is made. This indicator measures the percentage of product parts that carry material identification labels.","Number of parts with label/Total number of different parts","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Identifying Materials; ",null,"Material type;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B9","v":0},6,"Tools for Disassembling",".","The duration of the disassembly process is often related in a direct way with the types of joints between materials. The joints should be as simple and standard as possible, so little need dismantling tools. This indicator quantifies the number of tools required for disassembly relative to the total number of articulations of the product.","Number of necessary tools/Number of total joints","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1,null,null,"Selection Tool","Code","Name","Symbol","Detailed Description/More Information","How to measure","Unit","Desired Trend","Additional Material","Pre-manufacturing","Manufacturing","Distribution and Packaging","Use and maintenance","End-of-life","General Activities","Materials","Energy","Solid waste","Waste water","Gaseous Emissions","Energy Loss","Type of Measure","References","Recurrence (number of studies where the indicator is presented)"]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B10","v":0},7,"Time for Disassembly",".","This indicator quantifies the total time required in the complete dismantling of all joints of the product.","Total time to take apart all joints of a product","min","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190. / Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. / Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200. / Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513.",4,null,null,"x",1,"Reusable Parts",".","This indicator measures the mass of elements or parts that can be reused relative to the total mass of the product.","Weight of reusable parts/Total weight of product","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B11","v":0},8,"Intelligent Materials",".","This indicator measures the weight of \"intelligent materials\" relative to the total weight of the product. \"Intelligent materials\" are materials which undergo reversible physical or chemical changes under variations of magnetic or electrical fields, and they are capable of repeating this process indefinitely without losing their original properties. The use of intelligent polymers and metals is very important to reduce the disassembly time.","Weight of clever materials/Total weight of the product","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,"Material type;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B12","v":0},9,"Time for Battery Changing",".","This indicator measures the time necessary for disassembly and replacement of the batteries or other such user-serviceable parts. Existing parts that have a shorter useful life than others causes a loss of value of the product (e.g. batteries). It's necessary that these parts are easily accessible and visible, ir order to facilitate and economize on the process of their replacement, and to support the value of the entire product.","Time for replacement batteries (or other user-serviceable parts)","min","↓",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","CERDAN, C.; GAZULLA, C.; RAUGEI, M.; MARTINEZ, E.; FULLANA-I-PALMER, P. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 17, p. 1638-1643, 2009.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B13","v":0},9,"Time for Battery Changing",".","This indicator measures the time necessary for disassembly and replacement of the batteries or other such user-serviceable parts. Existing parts that have a shorter useful life than others causes a loss of value of the product (e.g. batteries). It's necessary that these parts are easily accessible and visible, ir order to facilitate and economize on the process of their replacement, and to support the value of the entire product.","Time for replacement batteries (or other user-serviceable parts)","min","↓",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","CERDAN, C.; GAZULLA, C.; RAUGEI, M.; MARTINEZ, E.; FULLANA-I-PALMER, P. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 17, p. 1638-1643, 2009.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B14","v":0},10,"Laminated or Compound Materials",". "," Laminated or compound materials have limited potential for recycling. This indicator measures the mass of laminated materials or compounds in relation to the total weight of the product.","Weight of laminated or compound materials/Total weight of the product","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null," Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies; ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B15","v":0},10,"Laminated or Compound Materials",". "," Laminated or compound materials have limited potential for recycling. This indicator measures the mass of laminated materials or compounds in relation to the total weight of the product.","Weight of laminated or compound materials/Total weight of the product","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Minimizing the Overall Number of Different Incompatible Materials; ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B16","v":0},11,"Painted, Stained or Pigmented Surfaces",".","The presence of painted, stained or pigmented surfaces problems often affect recycling processes, since these impregnations or alterations of the components complicate the separation for recycling due to the difficulty of separating the paint coats from the underlying materials. This indicator measures the sum of the painted, pigmented or stained surfaces relative to the total surface of the product.","Painted, Stained or Pigmented Surface/Total surface of the product","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Minimizing the Overall Number of Different Incompatible Materials;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Cerdan, C., Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., Martinez, E., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., 2009. Proposal for new quantitative eco-design indicators: a first case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 17, 1638–1643.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B17","v":0},12,"Ecological Rucksack","ER","The indicator Ecological Rucksack (ER) represents the sum of all input materials not included in the purchased product, but necessary in the production, use, recycling and final disposal - whole product's life cycle. It can also be a measure of material intensity, as ER gives a  rough estimate of the resource intensity. Commonly, the rucksack of current technical products in terms of non-renewable materials is about 30 tons per ton of product and can reach much higher values, as for instance about 300 for such products as personal computers. It can also be used to evaluate the energy requirement for a particular product.","(sum of all material input during product's life cycle) - (product weight)","mg, kg, g","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;","Engage more consumption-efficient systems; ","Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Herva, M., Franco, A., Carrasco, E.F., Roca, E., 2011. Review of corporate environmental indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1687–1699. / Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242. / \nRobèrt, K.-H., Schmidt-Bleek, B., Aloisi de Larderel, J., Basile, G., Jansen, J.L., Kuehr, R., Price Thomas, P., Suzuki, M., Hawken, P., Wackernagel, M., 2002. Strategic sustainable development — selection, design and synergies of applied tools. Journal of Cleaner Production 10, 197–214. / \nZiolkowska, J.R., Ziolkowski, B., 2011. Product generational dematerialization indicator: A case of crude oil in the global economy. Energy 36, 5925–5934.",3]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B18","v":0},12,"Ecological Rucksack","ER","The indicator Ecological Rucksack (ER) represents the sum of all input materials not included in the purchased product, but necessary in the production, use, recycling and final disposal - whole product's life cycle. It can also be a measure of material intensity, as ER gives a  rough estimate of the resource intensity. Commonly, the rucksack of current technical products in terms of non-renewable materials is about 30 tons per ton of product and can reach much higher values, as for instance about 300 for such products as personal computers. It can also be used to evaluate the energy requirement for a particular product.","(sum of all material input during product's life cycle) - (product weight)","mg, kg, g","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;"," Minimizing Materials Consumption During the Product Development Phase;","Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  "]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B19","v":0},13,"Hazard Quotient","HQ","HQ is an indicator used in the risk assessment of toxic substances a product. A risk assessment involves identifying the type of toxic, an  exposure assessment and risk characterization. HQ is the relationship between the exposure dose of the toxic to the user (dose), in mg.kg-1day-1 with respect to the dose reference to non-carcinogenic effects (RfDs) in mg.kg-1day-1, according to U.S. EPA and ORNL.","Dose/RfDs","dimensionless","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Herva, M., Franco, A., Carrasco, E.F., Roca, E., 2011b. Review of corporate environmental indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1687–1699.  / Herva, M., Álvarez, A., Roca, E., 2011a. Sustainable and safe design of footwear integrating ecological footprint and risk criteria. Journal of hazardous materials 192, 1876–81.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B20","v":0},14,"Cancer Risk factor","CR","CR is an indicator used in the risk assessment of toxic substances a product. A risk assessment involves identifying the type of toxic, an  exposure assessment and risk characterization. CR is the relationship between the exposure dose of the toxic to the user (dose), in mg.kg-1day-1 and the slope factor for carcinogenic effects (SF) in kg.day.mg-1, according to U.S. EPA and ORNL.","Dose . SF","dimensionless","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Herva, M., Franco, A., Carrasco, E.F., Roca, E., 2011b. Review of corporate environmental indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1687–1699.  / Herva, M., Álvarez, A., Roca, E., 2011a. Sustainable and safe design of footwear integrating ecological footprint and risk criteria. Journal of hazardous materials 192, 1876–81.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B21","v":0},15,"Recycled Materials in the product ","-","This indicator measures the amount of recycled material relative the total mass of the product.","Weight of total recycled material/Total weight of material used in the product","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative"," PERSSON, J-G. Eco-indicators in product development. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, v. 215, p. 627-635, 2001. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. /  Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513. / Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425.",4]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B22","v":0},15,"Recycled Materials in the product ","-","This indicator measures the amount of recycled material relative the total mass of the product.","Weight of total recycled material/Total weight of material used in the product","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative"," PERSSON, J-G. Eco-indicators in product development. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, v. 215, p. 627-635, 2001. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. /  Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513. / Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425.",4]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B23","v":0},16,"Product Degree of Utilization",".","When estimating the total utility of a product, the degree of utilization must be evaluated in addition to the product function. For many classes of products and for consumer goods in particular, the degree of utilization is really significant: lawnmowers are typically used less than 1 per cent of the time, and the average utilization for a passenger car is of the order of 5 per cent. ","Relative measures of product utilization","Depends of the product's function","↑","As an example, the annual specific transport service produced by a product for transportation (vehicle, aircraft, ship, etc.) could be analyzed by the formula: c.v.fc.ft.T/m0 [person.km/kg], where c is the vehicle capacity, v is the speed, T is the total annual time (8760h), and m0 is the vehicle mass.",null,null,null,"Intensifying Use;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative"," PERSSON, J-G. Eco-indicators in product development. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, v. 215, p. 627-635, 2001.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B24","v":0},17,"Total Air Emissions",".","Sum of all air emissions in the production process.","Sum of all air emissions in the production process ","kg or kg/PO","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute and/or relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. ",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B25","v":0},17,"Total Air Emissions",".","Sum of all air emissions in the production process.","Sum of all air emissions in the production process ","kg or kg/PO","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute and/or relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. ",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B26","v":0},18,"Discarded Packaging Materials per Product",null,"This indicator measures the mass of packaging material discarded per product.","Mass of packaging material discarded per product","kg/product","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B27","v":0},19," Reused Packaging Materials per Product",".","This indicator measures the mass of packaging material reused per product.","Mass of packaging material reused per product","kg/product","↑",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B28","v":0},20,"Auxiliary Materials recycled or reused",".","This indicator measures the amount of auxiliary materials recycled or reused in the production process","Sum of all auxiliary materials recycled or reused in the production process","mass units","↑",null,null,"Engage more consumption-efficient systems;",null,null,null,null,"Auxiliary materials;",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B29","v":0},21,"Reused Raw Materials",".","This indicator measures the amount all raw material reused in the production process.","Amount all raw material reused in the production process","mass units","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B30","v":0},22,"Reused Water",".","This indicator measures the amount of water reused in the production process.","Sum of all water reused in the production process","volume units","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,"Reused water;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B31","v":0},22,"Reused Water",".","This indicator measures the amount of water reused in the production process.","Sum of all water reused in the production process","volume units","↑",null,null,"Engage more consumption-efficient systems; ",null,null,null,null,"Reused water;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B32","v":0},23,"Energy generated with by-products or process streams",".","This indicator quantifies the energy generated with by-products or process streams.","Quantity of the energy generated with by-products or process streams","KWh","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Co-generation of energy;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B33","v":0},23,"Energy generated with by-products or process streams",".","This indicator quantifies the energy generated with by-products or process streams.","Quantity of the energy generated with by-products or process streams","KWh","↓",null,null,"Engage more consumption-efficient systems;",null,null,null,null,null,"Co-generation of energy;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B34","v":0},24,"Hazardous materials used by contracted service providers",".","This indicator measures the amount of hazardous materials used by contracted service providers. Decreasing this amount can avoid harm in the environment in the pre-manufacturing and manufacturing stages of a product's life cycle.","Quantity of the amount of hazardous materials used by contracted service providers","mass or volume units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B35","v":0},25,"Cleaning agents used by contracted service providers",".","This indicator measures the amount of cleaning agents used by contracted service providers. Decreasing this amount can avoid harm in the environment in the manufacturing stage of a product's life cycle.","Quantity of the amount of cleaning agents used by contracted service providers","mass or volume units","↓",null,null,"Engage more consumption-efficient systems;  ",null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B36","v":0},25,"Cleaning agents used by contracted service providers",".","This indicator measures the amount of cleaning agents used by contracted service providers. Decreasing this amount can avoid harm in the environment in the manufacturing stage of a product's life cycle.","Quantity of the amount of cleaning agents used by contracted service providers","mass or volume units","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Materials Consumption During the Product Development Phase;",null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B37","v":0},26,"Recyclable and reusable materials used by contracted service providers",".","This indicator measures the amount of recyclable and reusable used by contracted service providers. It can improve the environmental performance by selecting the most recycling/reusing efficient provider of energy and raw materials.","Quantity of the amount of recyclable and reusable materials used by contracted service providers","mass units","↑",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials;",null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;    ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B38","v":0},27,"Wastes generated by contracted service providers",".","This indicator measures the amount of waste generated by contracted service providers. It can be also measured for different types of waste generated.","Amount of waste generated by contracted service providers","kg","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;    ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B39","v":0},28,"Fuel consumption of vehicle fleet ",".","This indicator quantifies the average fuel consumption of vehicle fleet of the industry.","Quantity of the average fuel consumption of vehicle fleet","volume units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B40","v":0},29,"Freight deliveries by mode of transportation per day",".","This indicator quantifies the number of freight deliveries by mode of transportation per day.","Quantity of the number of freight deliveries by mode of transportation per day","freight deliveries/mode of transportation/day","Depends on the mode of transportation",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B41","v":0},30,"Total land area used for production purposes",".","This indicator measures the total land area used for production purposes. It can be measured in terms of industry facilities and area needed to produce raw materials. ","Total land area used for production purposes, as needed to produce raw materials and/or to implement the production process","area units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B42","v":0},31,"Vehicles in fleet with pollution abatement technology",".","This indicator quantifies the total number of vehicles in fleet with pollution abatement technology.","Total number of vehicles in fleet with pollution abatement technology","vehicles","↑",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. ",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B43","v":0},32,"Number of business trips saved through other means of communication",".","This indicator quantifies the total number of business trips saved through other means of communication.","Total number of business trips saved through other means of communication","trips","↑",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B44","v":0},32,"Number of business trips saved through other means of communication",".","This indicator quantifies the total number of business trips saved through other means of communication.","Total number of business trips saved through other means of communication","trips","↑",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during product development; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B45","v":0},33,"Total number of products with reduced hazard properties",".","This indicator measures the number of products of a company's portfolio introduced in the market with reduced hazardous properties","Quantity of products in portfolio introduced in the market with reduced hazardous properties","number of products","↑",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B46","v":0},34,"Total number of products which can be reused or recycled ",".","This indicator measures the number of products of a company's portfolio introduced in the market which can be reused or recycled. ","Quantity of products in portfolio which can be reused or recycled","number of products","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; "," Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B47","v":0},34,"Total number of products which can be reused or recycled ",".","This indicator measures the number of products of a company's portfolio introduced in the market which can be reused or recycled. ","Quantity of products in portfolio which can be reused or recycled","number of products","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; ","Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B48","v":0},34,"Total number of products which can be reused or recycled ",".","This indicator measures the number of products of a company's portfolio introduced in the market which can be reused or recycled. ","Quantity of products in portfolio which can be reused or recycled","number of products","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs;","Adopting the Cascade Approach; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B49","v":0},34,"Total number of products which can be reused or recycled ",".","This indicator measures the number of products of a company's portfolio introduced in the market which can be reused or recycled. ","Quantity of products in portfolio which can be reused or recycled","number of products","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ","Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B50","v":0},35,"Rate of Defective Products",".","This indicator measures the number of defective products relative to the number of manufactured products. Decrease this rate reduce solid waste generation, and wasted materials and energy.","number of defective products / total number of manufactured products","%","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Defective products;",null,null,null,"relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. / Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B51","v":0},36,"By-products",".","This indicator measures the quantity of by-products generated. The unit of measure can be relative to product manufactured, in relation to production output, or in mass or volume units (absolute measures).","Quantity of units of by-products generated","units of by-products","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,"By-products;",null,null,null,"absolute and/or relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B52","v":0},37,"Total number of products with environmental instructions",".","This indicator measures the number of products in a company's portfolio with instructions regarding environmentally safe use and disposal.","Quantity of products in the portfolio with instructions regarding environmentally safe use and disposal","number of products","↑",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Provide information to users and treatment facilities;",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B53","v":0},38,"Materials used during after-sales servicing of products",".","This indicator measures the amount of materials used during after-sales servicing of products.","Quantity of materials used during after-sales servicing of products","mass or volume units","↓",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; "," Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B54","v":0},38,"Materials used during after-sales servicing of products",".","This indicator measures the amount of materials used during after-sales servicing of products.","Quantity of materials used during after-sales servicing of products","mass or volume units","↓",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; "," Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B55","v":0},38,"Materials used during after-sales servicing of products",".","This indicator measures the amount of materials used during after-sales servicing of products.","Quantity of materials used during after-sales servicing of products","mass or volume units","↓",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs;"," Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B56","v":0},39,"Specific Solid Waste Mass",".","This indicator measures the solid waste generated in the manufacturing process per unit of product.","Quantity of waste produced per unit of product","mass or volume units","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B57","v":0},40,"Waste stored on site",".","This indicator quantifies the amount of waste generated in the manufacturing process stored on site.","Quantity of waste stored on site","mass or volume units","Depends",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B58","v":0},41,"Waste controlled by permits",".","This indicator quantifies the amount of waste generated in the manufacturing process waste controlled by permits.","Quantity of waste controlled by permits","mass or volume units","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous waste;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B59","v":0},42,"Waste converted to Reusable Material",".","This indicator measures the amount of waste generated by the production process converted to reusable material per year.","Quantity of waste converted to reusable material per year","mass or volume units/year","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B60","v":0},43,"Specific Air Emissions per Substance",".","This indicator measures emissions of specific substances per year, such as SOx, NOx, particles, etc.","Quantity of specific emissions per year","volume units/year","↓",null," ","Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B61","v":0},44,"Specific Air Emissions per Product",".","This indicator measures emissions of specific substances per unit of product or in terms of Production Output (PO) in kg, items, etc.","Quantity of specific emissions per unit of product","volume units/unit of product","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,null,null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B62","v":0},45,"Landfill Waste per Product",".","This indicator measures the quantity of material sent to landfill per unit of product.","Quantity of material sent to landfill per unit of product","kg/product","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;"," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B63","v":0},46,"Radiation released",".","This indicator measures the quantity of radiation released during the manufacturing process.","Average quantity of radiation released","-","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"Radiation;","absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B64","v":0},47,"Heat, vibration or light emitted",".","This indicator measures the quantity of heat, vibration or light emitted during the manufacturing process.","Amount of heat, vibration or light emitted","energy units","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Heat; Vibration; Light;","absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B65","v":0},48,"Total Energy Consumption","Etot.","This indicator measures the total energy consumption of the manufacturing process.","Total energy consumed ","J","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119. / Despeisse, M., Mbaye, F., Ball, P.D., Levers, A., 2012. The emergence of sustainable manufacturing practices. Production Planning & Control 23, 354–376. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316. / Choi, a. C.K., Kaebernick, H., Lai, W.H., 1997. Manufacturing processes modeling for environmental impact assessment. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 70, 231–238. / Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",7]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B66","v":0},48,"Total Energy Consumption","Etot.","This indicator measures the total energy consumption of the manufacturing process.","Total energy consumed ","J","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during product development; ",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119. / Despeisse, M., Mbaye, F., Ball, P.D., Levers, A., 2012. The emergence of sustainable manufacturing practices. Production Planning & Control 23, 354–376. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316. / Choi, a. C.K., Kaebernick, H., Lai, W.H., 1997. Manufacturing processes modeling for environmental impact assessment. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 70, 231–238. / Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",7]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B67","v":0},49,"Specific Energy Consumption","Espec.","This indicator measures the total energy consumption of the manufacturing process per production output.","Total energy consumed/Production Output ","J/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. ",5]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B68","v":0},49,"Specific Energy Consumption","Espec.","This indicator measures the total energy consumption of the manufacturing process per production output.","Total energy consumed/Production Output ","J/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during product development;",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. ",5]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B69","v":0},50,"Source of Energy Fraction","Esource","This indicator measures the quantity of each energy from different sources relative to the total amount of energy used in the production process.","Consumption per source of energy/Total energy consumption","J/J=1 (dimensionless)","Depends on the source of energy",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Energy Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy source;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B70","v":0},50,"Source of Energy Fraction","Esource","This indicator measures the quantity of each energy from different sources relative to the total amount of energy used in the production process.","Consumption per source of energy/Total energy consumption","J/J=1 (dimensionless)","Depends on the source of energy",null,"Selecting Non-toxic and Harmless Energy Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy source;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B71","v":0},51,"Renewable Energy Fraction","Erenew","This indicator measures the quantity of renewable energy use relative to the total amount of energy used in the production process.","Renewable energy consumption/Total energy consumption","J/J=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Energy Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Renewable energy;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",3]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B72","v":0},51,"Renewable Energy Fraction","Erenew","This indicator measures the quantity of renewable energy use relative to the total amount of energy used in the production process.","Renewable energy consumption/Total energy consumption","J/J=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,"Selecting Non-toxic and Harmless Energy Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Renewable energy;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",3]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B73","v":0},52,"Energy for Recycling","Ereclycl.","This indicator measures the energy required for recycling materials.","Energy used for recycling","J","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"  Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B74","v":0},53,"Total Material Consumption","mmat., tot.","This indicator measures the absolute mass of material input to manufacture the product.","Total material input absolute mass in manufacturing","kg","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Content;"," Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ","Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B75","v":0},53,"Total Material Consumption","mmat., tot.","This indicator measures the absolute mass of material input to manufacture the product.","Total material input absolute mass in manufacturing","kg","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;\n","Minimizing Materials Consumption During the Product Development Phase;","Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B76","v":0},54,"Specific Material Consumption","mmat., spec.","This indicator measures the mass of material input per production output to manufacture the product.","(Total material input) mass/Production Output","kg/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Content;"," Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ","Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",4]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B77","v":0},54,"Specific Material Consumption","mmat., spec.","This indicator measures the mass of material input per production output to manufacture the product.","(Total material input) mass/Production Output","kg/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;\n","Minimizing Materials Consumption During the Product Development Phase;","Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",4]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B78","v":0},55,"Fraction of Renewable Raw Materials","wrenw. mat.","This indicator measures the renewable raw materials use relative to the total mass input in the manufacturing system.","(Renewable raw material input) mass/ (Total material input) mass","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Renewable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B79","v":0},56,"Raw Materials Efficiency","ηraw mat.","This indicator measures the raw materials use relative to the production output of the manufacturing process, expressing the raw materials efficiency.","(Production output) mass/(Raw materials input) mass","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B80","v":0},56,"Raw Materials Efficiency","ηraw mat.","This indicator measures the raw materials use relative to the production output of the manufacturing process, expressing the raw materials efficiency.","(Production output) mass/(Raw materials input) mass","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,"Engage more consumption-efficient systems;",null,null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B81","v":0},57,"Recycled Material Fraction","wrecycl. mat.","This indicator measures the recycled material use relative to the total mass input in the manufacturing system. It can also be measured as an absolute indicators, refletinct the amount of recycled materials used in a period of time, for instance.","(Recycled material input) mass/(Total material input) mass","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190. / Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513. / Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513. / Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434. / Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",8]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B82","v":0},57,"Recycled Material Fraction","wrecycl. mat.","This indicator measures the recycled material use relative to the total mass input in the manufacturing system. It can also be measured as an absolute indicators, refletinct the amount of recycled materials used in a period of time, for instance.","(Recycled material input) mass/(Total material input) mass","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190. / Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513. / Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513. / Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434. / Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",8]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B83","v":0},58,"Variety of Hazardous Materials","Nhaz. mat.","This indicator measures the number of hazardous materials in the production process.","Number of hazardous materials used","number of hazardous materials","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B84","v":0},59,"Hazardous Materials Input Mass","mhaz. Mat.","This indicator measures the absolute mass of hazardous materials input in the production process.","Absolute mass of hazardous materials input","kg","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B85","v":0},60,"Total Water Consumption","Vwater, tot.","This indicator measures the absolute volume of all water used in the production process. It can be also measured in amount of water used per year, and it can include reused water.","Absolute volume of all water used in the production process","m³","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;",null,null,null,null,null,"Water use;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316.",4]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B86","v":0},61,"Specific Water Consumption","Vwater, spec.","This indicator measures the absolute volume of all water used in the production process relative to the production output; it can include reused water.","Water consumption volume/Production Output","m³/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;",null,null,null,null,null,"Water use;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481.",4]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B87","v":0},62,"Volume Fraction of Water Type","φwater type","This indictor measures the consumption volume of water per type relative to the total consumption volume. In this context, type of water means the origin of the used water, if it's superficial, underground, reused...","Consumption volume per type of water/Total consumption volume","m³/m³=1 (dimensionless)","Depends on the type of water ",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Source of water;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B88","v":0},62,"Volume Fraction of Water Type","φwater type","This indictor measures the consumption volume of water per type relative to the total consumption volume. In this context, type of water means the origin of the used water, if it's superficial, underground, reused...","Consumption volume per type of water/Total consumption volume","m³/m³=1 (dimensionless)","Depends on the type of water ",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"Source of water;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B89","v":0},63,"Mass Fraction of Products with an Environmental Label","wEL prod.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of products in portfolio with an Environmental Label.","Mass of products with environmental labels/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Provide information to users and treatment facilities;","Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B90","v":0},64,"Mass Fraction of Products from Recyclable Materials","wrecycl. prod.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of products  in portfolio which are made of recyclable materials.","Mass of products from recyclable materials/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B91","v":0},64,"Mass Fraction of Products from Recyclable Materials","wrecycl. prod.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of products  in portfolio which are made of recyclable materials.","Mass of products from recyclable materials/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B92","v":0},65,"Mass Fraction of Products Designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling","wrecov. prod.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of products  in portfolio which are designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling.","Mass of products designed for recovery/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B93","v":0},65,"Mass Fraction of Products Designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling","wrecov. prod.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of products  in portfolio which are designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling.","Mass of products designed for recovery/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B94","v":0},65,"Mass Fraction of Products Designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling","wrecov. prod.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of products  in portfolio which are designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling.","Mass of products designed for recovery/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B95","v":0},65,"Mass Fraction of Products Designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling","wrecov. prod.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of products  in portfolio which are designed for Disassembly, Reuse or Recycling.","Mass of products designed for recovery/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B96","v":0},66,"Total packaging mass","mpack.","This indicador measures the total packaging mass used in the products.","Absolute packaging mass","kg","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B97","v":0},67,"Packaging Mass Fraction","wpack","This indicator measures the total packaging mass used relative to the product mass production.","Packaging mass/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B98","v":0},68,"Mass Fraction of Reusable Packaging","wreus. pack","This indicator measures the total reusable packaging mass used relative to total packaging mass.","Reusable packaging mass/Total packaging mass ","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",3]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B99","v":0},69,"Total Solid Waste Mass","ms, tot.","This indicator measures the absolute mass of solid waste generated in the manufacturing process. It can be measured in a certain period of time, such as the solid waste mass generated in one day, month, year...","Absolute mass of solid waste generated","kg","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;","Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",6]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B100","v":0},70,"Specific Solid Waste Mass per type of Waste","ms, spec.","This indicator measures the absolute mass of solid waste generated in the manufacturing process per type relative to production output. ","Mass of specific type of solid waste/Production output","kg/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;"," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous waste;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. ",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B101","v":0},71,"Total Solid Waste Mass for Recovery","ms, recov.","This indicator measures the recovery solid waste absolute mass, including recycling, reuse and re-manufacture of materials and parts.","Recovery solid waste mass absolute (the recovery include recycling, reuse and re-manufacture)","kg","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;"," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B102","v":0},72,"Solid Waste Mass for Disposal","ms, disp.","This indicator measures the solid waste absolute mass generated for disposal, and can also be measured in a certain period of time.","Non-recovered solid waste mass absolute","kg","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;"," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Duque, J., Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D., Novais, A.Q., 2007. Synthesis and optimization of the recovery route for residual products under uncertain product demand. Computers & Operations Research 34, 1463–1490. / Khan, F., 2001. GreenPro: a new methodology for cleaner and greener process design. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 14, 307–328.",5]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B103","v":0},73,"Recycled Solid Waste Mass Fraction","ws, recycl.","This indicator measures the recycled solid waste absolute mass relative to the total amount of solid waste generated.","Recycled solid waste mass/Total mass of solid waste generated","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;"," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Recycled materials;",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B104","v":0},74,"Disposal Mass Fraction","ws, non-recycl.","This indicator measures the relative quantity of non-recovered solid waste produced by the company. ","Mass of non-recovered solid waste/Total mass of solid waste","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;"," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B105","v":0},75,"Hazardous Solid Waste Mass Fraction","ws, haz.","This indicator measures the relative quantity of hazardous solid waste produced by the company. ","Mass of hazardous solid waste/Total mass of solid waste","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous waste;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B106","v":0},76,"Hazardous Solid Waste Mass","ms, haz. ","This indicator measures the total amount of hazardous solid waste produced by the company. ","Mass of hazardous solid waste","kg","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous waste;",null,null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Schmidt, W., Butt, F., 2006. Life Cycle Tools within Ford of Europe’s Product Sustainability Index. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 11, 315–322. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry.",3]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B107","v":0},77,"Total volume of Liquid Waste","Vl, tot.","This indicator measures the total volume of liquid waste produced by the company in a period of time.","Absolute volume","m³","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Waste water amount;",null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Despeisse, M., Mbaye, F., Ball, P.D., Levers, A., 2012. The emergence of sustainable manufacturing practices. Production Planning & Control 23, 354–376. / Choi, a. C.K., Kaebernick, H., Lai, W.H., 1997. Manufacturing processes modeling for environmental impact assessment. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 70, 231–238.",4]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B108","v":0},78,"Specific Liquid Waste Volume","Vl, spec.","This indicator measures the relative quantity of liquid waste per unit of production.","Total volume of liquid waste/Production Output","m³/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Waste water amount;",null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",3]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B109","v":0},79,"Non-polluted Liquid Waste Volume","Vl, non-poll.","This indicator measures the total volume of non-polluted liquid effluents produced by the company (that has non-hazardous pollutants or is treated before released into the environment). ","Absolute volume","m³","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Waste water amount;",null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B110","v":0},80,"Polluted Liquid Waste volume","Vl, poll.","This indicator measures the total volume of polluted liquid effluents produced by the company. ","Absolute volume","m³","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"absolute","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B111","v":0},81,"Specific Pollution Mass Ratio","Rpoll, spec.","This indicator measures the load mass of pollutants in water, such as Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Lead, etc. ","Pollution load mass (e.g. P, N, AOX,...)/Production Output","kg/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B112","v":0},82,"Pollution Mass Concentration in Liquid Waste","cl, poll.","This indicator measures the mass of pollutants, such as  Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Lead, etc, in relation of the total liquid waste volume.","Mass of pollutants/Liquid waste volume","kg/m³","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B113","v":0},83,"Greenhouse Gases Mass Fraction","wCO2equiv.","This indicator measures the mass fraction of greenhouse gases relative to the total mass of products manufactured.","Total mass of CO2 equivalents/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Voll, A., Marquardt, W., 2012. Benchmarking of next- generation biofuels from a process perspective. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 292–301. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316.",4]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B114","v":0},84,"Acidification Mass Fraction","wSO2equiv.","This indicator measures the acidification mass fraction relative to the total mass of products manufactured.","Total mass of SO2 equivalents/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B115","v":0},85,"Photochemical Ozone Creating Potential Mass Fraction","wC2H4equiv.","This indicator measures the photochemical ozone creating potential mass fraction relative to the total mass of products manufactured.","Total mass of ethylene equivalents/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B116","v":0},86,"Eutrophication Mass Fraction","wPO4(-3)equiv.","This indicator measures the eutrophication mass fraction relative to the total mass of products manufactured.","Total mass of phosphate equivalents/Total mass of products","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B117","v":0},87,"Life Cycle Solid Waste","SW","This indicator measures the total solid waste generated by the product's life cycle. The factor Bj,l is the amount of solid waste generated in each stage l of the cycle. ",null,"mass units","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;","Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Schmidt, W., Butt, F., 2006. Life Cycle Tools within Ford of Europe’s Product Sustainability Index. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 11, 315–322. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B118","v":0},88,"Life Cycle Material Intensity","MI","This indicator represents the sum of all materials j used in the system of each stage l of life cycle.",null,"kg","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Content;"," Minimizing Scraps and Discards;  "," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;"," Minimizing Materials Consumption During Usage;  ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B119","v":0},88,"Life Cycle Material Intensity","MI","This indicator represents the sum of all materials j used in the system of each stage l of life cycle.",null,"kg","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;","Engage more consumption-efficient systems; "," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;"," Minimizing Materials Consumption During Usage;  ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B120","v":0},88,"Life Cycle Material Intensity","MI","This indicator represents the sum of all materials j used in the system of each stage l of life cycle.",null,"kg","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;","Minimizing Materials Consumption During the Product Development Phase;"," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;"," Minimizing Materials Consumption During Usage;  ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B121","v":0},89,"Life Cycle Energy Intensity","EM","This indicator represents the sum of all energy type j  consumption in the system of each stage l of the product's life cycle. ",null,"MJ","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,"Select systems with energy-efficient operation and use stage; ",null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Mayyas, A., Qattawi, A., Omar, M., Shan, D., 2012. Design for sustainability in automotive industry: A comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16, 1845–1862.",3]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B122","v":0},89,"Life Cycle Energy Intensity","EM","This indicator represents the sum of all energy type j  consumption in the system of each stage l of the product's life cycle. ",null,"MJ","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during product development;",null,"Engage dynamic consumption of energy;",null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Mayyas, A., Qattawi, A., Omar, M., Shan, D., 2012. Design for sustainability in automotive industry: A comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16, 1845–1862.",3]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B123","v":0},90,"Service Intensity","SI","When the society can obtain a better service from the system at a lower environmental costs its service intensity increases. The SI indicator can be measured as  the degree the company has closed the loop in providing the service as opposed to only selling the product. SI can either be measured quantitatively or expressed qualitatively, depending on the system. ","Service provided by the product","-","↑","For instance, the number of use-cycles that the product goes through before it reaches its life cycle can be included.",null,null,null,"Intensifying Use; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B124","v":0},90,"Service Intensity","SI","When the society can obtain a better service from the system at a lower environmental costs its service intensity increases. The SI indicator can be measured as  the degree the company has closed the loop in providing the service as opposed to only selling the product. SI can either be measured quantitatively or expressed qualitatively, depending on the system. ","Service provided by the product","-","↑","For instance, the number of use-cycles that the product goes through before it reaches its life cycle can be included.",null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B125","v":0},91,"Environmental improvements above the compliance levels","ICL","The ICL indicator measures an average percentage decrease in environmental burdens for prescribed substances or substances that are of general concern but are not legislated, as CO2. The factor Bc,j is a level of burden j for company c; and the factor ALj is a prescribed local or national level, or accepted target for this burden.  The factor C depends on the type of analysis: in company- or process-oriented analysis, C=1, as you consider just one company; and in product-oriented analysis C can include all companies involved in the life cycle of the product, ranging from 2 or more.",null,"%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Laws and regulations;","Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B126","v":0},92,"Packaging materials from suppliers","-","The indicator expresses the mass of total packaging materials received from suppliers, considering the raw materials packaged used for manufacturing a product.","Total packaging received from suppliers","kg","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B127","v":0},94,"Fraction for Re-assembly"," λreass","This indicator measures the volume fraction of re-assembly of a product by means the sum of the volumes of all the parts destined to re-assembly to the overall volume of the product. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and r parts are destined for re-assembly. It is used to calculate the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B128","v":0},95,"Fraction for Re-manufacturing"," λrem","This indicator measures the volume fraction of re-manufacturing of a product by means the sum of the volumes of all the parts destined to re-manufacturing to the overall volume of the product. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and s parts are destined for re-manufacturing.  It is used to calculate the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B129","v":0},96,"Fraction of Recyclable Material"," λmat","This indicator measures the volume fraction of recyclable material of a product by means the sum of the volumes of all the parts destined to recycling to the overall volume of the product. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and t parts are destined for recycling.  It is used to calculate the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B130","v":0},96,"Fraction of Recyclable Material"," λmat","This indicator measures the volume fraction of recyclable material of a product by means the sum of the volumes of all the parts destined to recycling to the overall volume of the product. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and t parts are destined for recycling.  It is used to calculate the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B131","v":0},97,"Re-assembled Fraction","Freass","This indicator is related to the indicator \"Fraction for Re-assembly\" (code 94) by an α factor, which represents the volume losses involved in the recovery process with values lower than one. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and s parts are destined for re-manufacturing. It is used to calculate the indicator \"Recycled Fraction\" (code 100).",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B132","v":0},98,"Re-manufacturing Fraction","Frem","This indicator is related to the indicator \"Fraction for Re-manufacturing\" (code 95) by an α factor, which represents the volume losses involved in the recovery process with values lower than one. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and s parts are destined for re-manufacturing. It is used to calculate the indicator \"Recycled Fraction\" (code 100).",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B133","v":0},99,"Recyclabe Material Fraction","Fmat","This indicator is related to the indicator \"Fraction of Recyclabe Materials\" (code 96) by an α factor, which represents the volume losses involved in the recovery process with values lower than one. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and s parts are destined for re-manufacturing.",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B134","v":0},99,"Recyclabe Material Fraction","Fmat","This indicator is related to the indicator \"Fraction of Recyclabe Materials\" (code 96) by an α factor, which represents the volume losses involved in the recovery process with values lower than one. The product in examination is made up of n parts P1, P2, P3..Pn each made of a single material, M. Vi are the material and volume of the i-th part Pi, and s parts are destined for re-manufacturing.",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B135","v":0},100,"Recycled Fraction","RF","The Recycled Fraction RF is an indicator of a second production product, which quantifies the saving of construction material.  It is calculated by using the indicators \"Re-assembled fraction\" (code 97),  and \"Re-manufacturing Fraction\"  (code 98).","Freass + Frem","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B136","v":0},100,"Recycled Fraction","RF","The Recycled Fraction RF is an indicator of a second production product, which quantifies the saving of construction material.  It is calculated by using the indicators \"Re-assembled fraction\" (code 97),  and \"Re-manufacturing Fraction\"  (code 98).","Freass + Frem","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B137","v":0},101,"Recyclable Fraction","λ","The Recyclable Fraction λ quantifies the volume of the components present in the architecture destined for all kind of recovery process, and it expresses the saving of resources.  It is calculated by using the indicators \"Fraction for Re-assembly\" (code 94), \"Fraction for Re-manufacturing\" (code 95), and \"Fraction of Recyclable Material\" (code 96).","λreass + λrem + λmat","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B138","v":0},101,"Recyclable Fraction","λ","The Recyclable Fraction λ quantifies the volume of the components present in the architecture destined for all kind of recovery process, and it expresses the saving of resources.  It is calculated by using the indicators \"Fraction for Re-assembly\" (code 94), \"Fraction for Re-manufacturing\" (code 95), and \"Fraction of Recyclable Material\" (code 96).","λreass + λrem + λmat","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B139","v":0},102,"Waste Disposal Fraction","λdisp","This indicator measures the volume fraction of the product which is not destined for any type of recycling, and must be disposed as waste. It is calculated by using the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).","1 - λ","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null," Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B140","v":0},102,"Waste Disposal Fraction","λdisp","This indicator measures the volume fraction of the product which is not destined for any type of recycling, and must be disposed as waste. It is calculated by using the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).","1 - λ","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B141","v":0},102,"Waste Disposal Fraction","λdisp","This indicator measures the volume fraction of the product which is not destined for any type of recycling, and must be disposed as waste. It is calculated by using the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).","1 - λ","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B142","v":0},102,"Waste Disposal Fraction","λdisp","This indicator measures the volume fraction of the product which is not destined for any type of recycling, and must be disposed as waste. It is calculated by using the indicator \"Recyclable Fraction\" (code 101).","1 - λ","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B143","v":0},103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B144","v":0},103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B145","v":0},103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B146","v":0},103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B147","v":0},103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs; ","Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B148","v":0},103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Intensifying Use; ","Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B149","v":0},103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality; ","Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B150","v":0},103,"Useful Life","UL","The Useful Life can be considered as an indicator of resource saving, which measures the period of time over which all or part of the product's architecture is used. If a product is not reused or remanufactured, its useful life is equal to time of use T. If there's any kind of recovery, it's necessary consider the time of use T, the number of direct reuses nr and a fraction of volume re-assembled and re-manufactured, ψ. ","[nr + ψ/1-ψ] . T ","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Increasing the durability of the product;","Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Giudice, F., Rosa, G. La, Risitano, A., Doria, V.A., 1999. Indicators for Environmentally Conscious Product Design. Analysis 71–76.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B151","v":0},106,"Diversity of Materials in Production","-","A high diversity of materials utilized in the production process means complexity when connecting parts, difficulties in assembly and disassembly, and high demands of energy during manufacture. This indicator measures the number of different materials used in production process.","Number of materials utilized in the production process","number of different materials","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Minimizing the Overall Number of Different Incompatible Materials;  ",null,"Material type;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B152","v":0},107,"Conformity to Law and Regulation","-","This is an indicator which measures the accordance to environmental protection laws and regulations. It can be measured quantitatively, e.g. number of legal proceedings and prosecutions per year. The indicator can also be measured qualitatively, by checking \"Yes\" or \"No\".","Number of legal accordance to regulations, number of proceedings and prosecutions per year, ...","May vary","↑",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Laws and regulations;","Hazardous materials;","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Timmons, D.M., 1999. BUILDING AN ECO-DESIGN TOOLKIT AT KODAK. Eletronics and the Environment 122–127.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B153","v":0},108,"Packaging for Reprocessing","-","This indicator expresses the residues from packaging post use by means quantificating the amount of used packs returned to production plant for reprocessing.","Amount of used packs returned to production plant for reprocessing","number of packs returned","↑",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B154","v":0},109,"Energy Consumption during Use Phase","-","This indicator measures the amount of energy in the use phase, and it expresses the quality of responsible products in terms of low energy consumption during use phase, according to international standards. It can also be measured by type of energy used, such as the consumption of electrical energy during the lifetime of a product. It should be considered all the operational modes of a product (i.e., off-, sleep-, and idle-modes).","Amount of energy consumed in the use phase during the lifetime of a product","energy units","↓",null,null,null,null,"Select systems with energy-efficient operation and use stage; ",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Kobayashi, H, 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Azkarate, A., Ricondo, I., Pérez, A., Martínez, P., 2011. An assessment method and design support system for designing sustainable machine tools. Journal of Engineering Design 22, 165–179. / Lim, S.-R., Schoenung, J.M., 2011. Measurement and analysis of product energy efficiency to assist energy star criteria development: An example for desktop computers. Energy Policy 39, 8003–8010.",8]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B155","v":0},109,"Energy Consumption during Use Phase","-","This indicator measures the amount of energy in the use phase, and it expresses the quality of responsible products in terms of low energy consumption during use phase, according to international standards. It can also be measured by type of energy used, such as the consumption of electrical energy during the lifetime of a product. It should be considered all the operational modes of a product (i.e., off-, sleep-, and idle-modes).","Amount of energy consumed in the use phase during the lifetime of a product","energy units","↓",null,null,null,null,"Engage dynamic consumption of energy;",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Fernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Kobayashi, H, 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. / Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry. / Azkarate, A., Ricondo, I., Pérez, A., Martínez, P., 2011. An assessment method and design support system for designing sustainable machine tools. Journal of Engineering Design 22, 165–179. / Lim, S.-R., Schoenung, J.M., 2011. Measurement and analysis of product energy efficiency to assist energy star criteria development: An example for desktop computers. Energy Policy 39, 8003–8010.",8]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B156","v":0},110,"Well-being","-","This indicator verifies the degree of satisfaction and consequently the lastingness of a product, by means, for instance, of the number of complains and requests for technical assistance.","Number of complains and requests for technical assistance per period of time, e.g. lifespan","-","↓",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","\nFernando, P., Souza, D.A., 2006. Towards Indicators of Sustainable Product Design 274–277.\n",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B157","v":0},111,"Distance traveled","-","This indicator measures the total distances traveled for sourcing, production, retail, consumer. ","Distance traveled for sourcing, production, retail and consumer","distance units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B158","v":0},112,"Load mode of transport","-","This indicator measures how much the space capacity of transport is used, in percentage, in terms of area, volume and weight.","% Full (area, volume, weight)","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"relative","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B159","v":0},113,"Stock Keeping Unit ","SKU","This indicator measures the efficiency of packaging design, through the number of units packaged togheter. Improve this measure can decrease the total mass of packaging.","Efficiency of packaging design: e.g. individual wrappings or bulk.","number of units packaged togheter for storage","↑",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B160","v":0},114,"Re-packaging","-","This indicator measures the number of times product is repacked throughout supply chain. Improve this measure can reduce material consumption during pre-manufacturing and manufacturing life cycle stages.","Number of times product is repacked throughout supply chain","number of re-packaging","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B161","v":0},115,"Number of components","-","This indicator expresses how easily can product be recycled based on its number of components. ","Number of components of the product","number of components/unit of product","↓",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability;"," Minimizing the Overall Number of Different Incompatible Materials;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B162","v":0},116,"Weight per Distance Traveled","-","This indicator relate the product weight to the distance that it's transported. ","Weight/distance traveled","mass units/distace units","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Content;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"relative","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B163","v":0},117,"Volume","-","This indicator expresses the total volume taken by the product warehousing, retail, and consumer homes. ","Space consumed in warehousing, retail, and consumer homes","volume units","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Content;",null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null," Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;","Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B164","v":0},118,"Product Density","-","The indicator measures the concentration or compaction of the product. Can it be denser or less diluted, for instance? Reduce the volume can help in transportation, storage, and reducing the mass of packaging material. ","Level of concentration or compaction of product, measured by: Product weight / product volume","mass units/volume units","↑",null,"Minimizing Material Content;",null,null,null,null," Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;","Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B165","v":0},119,"Temperature Changes throughout supply chain, consumer use and disposal","-","This indicator expresses the temperature changes during the product's life cycle, considering: Sourcing and production, as heating or cooling for storage and processing; Retail, such as temperature for storage (hot or cool) and transport; Logistics and warehousing; Consumer Use, as storage (e.g. freezer) and product usage (e.g. boiling); and End-of-Life, for example incineration of waste and melting for recycling. Reducing this temperature changes can reduce energy consumption and gaseous emissions.","Temperature changes "," ºC, ºF, K, ...","↓",null,null,null,null,null,null," Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B166","v":0},121,"Recycled Plastics Used Ratio","-","This indicator measures the percentage of recycled plastics used in the product. ","(Weight of recycled plastics/Weight of all plastics used in the product) . 100","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B167","v":0},121,"Recycled Plastics Used Ratio","-","This indicator measures the percentage of recycled plastics used in the product. ","(Weight of recycled plastics/Weight of all plastics used in the product) . 100","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B168","v":0},122,"Recycled Containerboard Ratio","-","This indicator measures the percentage of recycled containerboard used in the product, including the containerboard packaging weights.","(Weight of recycled containerboard/Weight of all containerboard used in the product, including packaging) . 100","%","↑",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B169","v":0},122,"Recycled Containerboard Ratio","-","This indicator measures the percentage of recycled containerboard used in the product, including the containerboard packaging weights.","(Weight of recycled containerboard/Weight of all containerboard used in the product, including packaging) . 100","%","↑",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B170","v":0},123,"Weight of Package","-","This indicator measures the absolute mass of packaging of an unit of product.","Absolute mass of packaging of the product","g","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;","Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Hur, T., Lee, J., Ryu, J., Kwon, E., 2005. Simplified LCA and matrix methods in identifying the environmental aspects of a product system. Journal of Environmental Management 75, 229–237.",3]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B171","v":0},124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B172","v":0},124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B173","v":0},124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B174","v":0},124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B175","v":0},124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B176","v":0},124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Intensifying Use; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B177","v":0},124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B178","v":0},124,"Useful Lifetime","LU ","This indicator measures the product's useful lifetime. It is also used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Time of durability","days or years","Depends of product type",null,null,null,null,"Increasing the durability of the product;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125. /  Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136. / Krajnc, D., Glavic, P., 2003. Indicators of sustainable production. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5, 279–288. / Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., 2000. Indicators of sustainable development for Industry: A General Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78, 243–261. / Bocken, N.M.P., Allwood, J.M., Willey, A.R., King, J.M.H., 2011. Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1279–1287. / Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Keoleian, G.A., Menerey, D., Arbor, A., 1994. Sustainable Development by Design : Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches. Air and Waste 44. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9.",10]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B179","v":0},125,"Maintainable period after sales","-","This indicator measures the maintainable time of the product after sales. ","Time of maintainable","years","Depends on the product and type of maintenance",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B180","v":0},125,"Maintainable period after sales","-","This indicator measures the maintainable time of the product after sales. ","Time of maintainable","years","Depends on the product and type of maintenance",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kobayashi, H., 2006. A systematic approach to eco-innovative product design based on life cycle planning. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 113–125.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B181","v":0},127,"Lubricant and Coolant Fluids","-","This indicator is used to access the consumption of lubricants and coolants required by the machine tool, or product.  It's proposed by author to measure the environmental burden of a machine tool, but can be used for all energy using products. Lubricants and coolants can be related to health effects too.","Type of lubricants and coolants, and their consumption in manufacturing and use stages","volume units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;","Engage more consumption-efficient systems;",null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Azkarate, A., Ricondo, I., Pérez, A., Martínez, P., 2011. An assessment method and design support system for designing sustainable machine tools. Journal of Engineering Design 22, 165–179.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B182","v":0},128,"Products in reuse business/ Products in sales business","Nsps","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures absolute number of products supplied in sales business.","Absolute number of products supplied in reuse business/ Absolute number of products supplied in sales business","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B183","v":0},129,"Product Usage Period in Sales Business","Ppus","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the useful lifetime of the product in sales business.","Useful lifetime of the product in sales business","temporal units","Depends",null,null,null,null,"Increasing the durability of the product;","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B184","v":0},130,"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business","Ppur","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the useful lifetime of the product in reuse business. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime\" (code 131).","Useful lifetime of the product in reuse business","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan;","Facilitating Reuse;",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B185","v":0},131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B186","v":0},131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B187","v":0},131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B188","v":0},131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B189","v":0},131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B190","v":0},131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Intensifying Use; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B191","v":0},131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B192","v":0},131,"Remaining Product Useful Lifetime","LUr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining useful lifetime in reuse business, where LU is the useful lifetime and R is the usage rate against the base market. According to the author, when the remaining product useful lifetime (LUr) and the remaining product value lifetime (LVr) are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Useful Lifetime\" (code 124) and \"Product Usage Period in Reuse Business\" (code 130).","LU - R.Ppur","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Increasing the durability of the product;","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B193","v":0},132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B194","v":0},132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B195","v":0},132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B196","v":0},132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B197","v":0},132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B198","v":0},132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Intensifying Use; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B199","v":0},132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B200","v":0},132,"Product Value Lifetime","LV","In the author approach, the product useful lifetime (LU) is the lifetime in the traditional sense, based on internal factors such as ‘product failure’ and ‘physical degradation’; and the product value lifetime (LV) is based on external factors, such as technology infrastructure changes and attractiveness compared with competing products. Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the period which the product can be used without an upgrade. This indicator is used to calculate the indicator \"Remaining Product Value Lifetime\" (code 133).","Period which the product can be used without an upgrade","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Increasing the durability of the product;","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B201","v":0},133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B202","v":0},133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B203","v":0},133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B204","v":0},133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Maintenance; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B205","v":0},133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs;  ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B206","v":0},133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B207","v":0},133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Increasing the durability of the product;","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B208","v":0},133,"Remaining Product Value Lifetime","LVr","Depending on the product's nature, design for reuse can improve the environmental performance of a service. This indicator measures the remaining period which the product can be used without an upgrade, by subtracting ‘the period which is the period after the product is manufactured newly’ (Pam) from ‘the period in which the target product can be used without an upgrade’ (LV). When the remaining product useful lifetime and the\nremaining product value lifetime are longer than the product usable period, the collected product is considered to be inventory for reuse. This indicator is calculated by using the indicators \"Product Value Lifetime\" (code 132).","LV - Pam","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Intensifying Use;","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kumazawa, T., Kobayashi, Hideki, 2006. A simulation system to support the establishment of circulated business. Advanced Engineering Informatics 20, 127–136.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B209","v":0},134,"Mean Time Between Failure","MTBF","This indicator measures the mean period of time between failures of the product.","Mean period of time between failures","temporal units","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Koch, J., Keoleian, G., 1995. Evaluating Environmental Performance: A Case Study in the Flat-Panel Display Industry.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B210","v":0},135,"Heavy metal emissions to water","-","This indicator measures the total amount of heavy metal emissions to water in tons per year.","Total amount of heavy metal emissions to water per year","tons/year","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B211","v":0},136,"Greenhouse Gases from Energy Use","-","This indicator measures the total CO2 emissions from energy use during manufacturing in million tons. ","Total CO2 emissions from energy use","milion tons of CO2 emission","↓",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Energy Resources;","Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null," Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B212","v":0},137,"CFC Emissions","-","This indicator measures the total CFC emissions during manufacturing in tons of CFC-11 per year.","Total CFC emissions per year","tons of CFC-11/year","↓",null," Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B213","v":0},138,"Greenhouse Gases from Transport during Life Cycle","-","This indicator measures the amount of carbon dioxide from transport in product's life cycle.","Amount of carbon dioxide from transport in product's life cycle","CO2 eqv.","↓",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Energy Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B214","v":0},139,"Post-consumer Recycled Material Use","-","Once a material or product reaches its end-of-life, it's considered \"post-consumer\", which can be reused, recycled or remanufactured. This indicator measures the total amount of post-consumer recycled material use per year in the manufacturing process. Post-consumer recycled material is distinguished from pre-consumer recycled material, which is the reintroduction of manufacture scraps back in the production process.","Amount of post-consumer recycled materials per year","tons per year","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B215","v":0},139,"Post-consumer Recycled Material Use","-","Once a material or product reaches its end-of-life, it's considered \"post-consumer\", which can be reused, recycled or remanufactured. This indicator measures the total amount of post-consumer recycled material use per year in the manufacturing process. Post-consumer recycled material is distinguished from pre-consumer recycled material, which is the reintroduction of manufacture scraps back in the production process.","Amount of post-consumer recycled materials per year","tons per year","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Veleva, V., Hart, M., Greiner, T., Crumbley, C., 2003. Indicators for measuring environmental sustainability: A case study of the pharmaceutical industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 107–119.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B216","v":0},140,"Number of Different Materials","-","This indicator measures the number of different materials in the product. Decrease this number can facilitate the disassembly and recycling process. ","Number of different materials in the product","number of materials","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Minimizing the Overall Number of Different Incompatible Materials;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Aoe, T., 2007. Eco-efficiency and ecodesign in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1406–1414. / Zhang, H.C., Li, J., Shrivastava, P., Whitley, A., 2004. A web-based system for reverse manufacturing and product environmental impact assessment considering end-of-life dispositions. Manufacturing Technology 1, 0–3. / Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. / Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425.",4]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B217","v":0},141,"Number of Recoverable Materials","-","This indicator measures the number of recoverable materials in the product.","Number of recoverable materials in the product","-","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Zhang, H.C., Li, J., Shrivastava, P., Whitley, A., 2004. A web-based system for reverse manufacturing and product environmental impact assessment considering end-of-life dispositions. Manufacturing Technology 1, 0–3.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B218","v":0},141,"Number of Recoverable Materials","-","This indicator measures the number of recoverable materials in the product.","Number of recoverable materials in the product","-","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Zhang, H.C., Li, J., Shrivastava, P., Whitley, A., 2004. A web-based system for reverse manufacturing and product environmental impact assessment considering end-of-life dispositions. Manufacturing Technology 1, 0–3.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B219","v":0},142,"Number of Hazardous Materials","-","This indicator measures the number of hazardous materials in the product.","Number of different hazardous materials in the product","-","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Zhang, H.C., Li, J., Shrivastava, P., Whitley, A., 2004. A web-based system for reverse manufacturing and product environmental impact assessment considering end-of-life dispositions. Manufacturing Technology 1, 0–3.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B220","v":0},143,"Environmental Persistence","T","The persistence of a chemical in the environment is an important factor for the human health impact assessment. This indicator measures the persistence of a toxic chemical in the environment, where Mj is the mass in the environmental compartment j, and kj is the decay rate of the chemical in the compartment j.",null,"mg kg day","-",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Yuan, C.Y., Dornfeld, D. a., 2010. A Schematic Method for Sustainable Material Selection of Toxic Chemicals in Design and Manufacturing. Journal of Mechanical Design 132, 091014.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B221","v":0},144,"Energy Content of Raw Materials","-","The indicator Energy Content is defined as \nthe energy necessary to extract and produce one kg of the raw material. It also depends on recyclability, for instance, usually the energy necessary for recycling of the materials is less than the energy used for primary\nproduction. ","Energy necessary to extract and produce one kg of the raw material","MJ","↓",null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B222","v":0},144,"Energy Content of Raw Materials","-","The indicator Energy Content is defined as \nthe energy necessary to extract and produce one kg of the raw material. It also depends on recyclability, for instance, usually the energy necessary for recycling of the materials is less than the energy used for primary\nproduction. ","Energy necessary to extract and produce one kg of the raw material","MJ","↓",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B223","v":0},145,"End-of-life scenario","-","This indicator measures the percentage distribution of the whole product end-of-life, e.g., the materials contained in the waste streams for recycling, incineration and landfills.","% distribution of the whole product at end-of-life","% per final destination","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B224","v":0},145,"End-of-life scenario","-","This indicator measures the percentage distribution of the whole product end-of-life, e.g., the materials contained in the waste streams for recycling, incineration and landfills.","% distribution of the whole product at end-of-life","% per final destination","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B225","v":0},145,"End-of-life scenario","-","This indicator measures the percentage distribution of the whole product end-of-life, e.g., the materials contained in the waste streams for recycling, incineration and landfills.","% distribution of the whole product at end-of-life","% per final destination","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B226","v":0},145,"End-of-life scenario","-","This indicator measures the percentage distribution of the whole product end-of-life, e.g., the materials contained in the waste streams for recycling, incineration and landfills.","% distribution of the whole product at end-of-life","% per final destination","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B227","v":0},145,"End-of-life scenario","-","This indicator measures the percentage distribution of the whole product end-of-life, e.g., the materials contained in the waste streams for recycling, incineration and landfills.","% distribution of the whole product at end-of-life","% per final destination","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Ernzer, M., Wimmer, W., 2002. From environmental assessment results to Design for Environment product changes : an evaluation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Engineering Design 233–242.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B228","v":0},146,"Amount of Restricted Materials","-","This indicator measures the absolute mass of all restricted materials used in production.","Absolute mass of all restricted materials","mass units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Laws and regulations;","Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B229","v":0},147,"Amount of Prohibited Materials","-","This indicator measures the absolute mass of all prohibited materials used in production.","Absolute mass of all prohibited materials","mass units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Laws and regulations;","Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B230","v":0},148,"Fraction of Reused Components","-","This indicator measures the number of reused components relative to the total number of components.","Number of reused components/total number of components of the product","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B231","v":0},149,"Suppliers with EMS ","-","This indicator measures the number of suppliers with an SEM (Environmental Management System)","Number of suppliers with EMS ","number of suppliers","↑",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Laws and regulations;","Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B232","v":0},150,"Secondary Energy Use","-","This indicator measures the amount of secondary energy use during the use phase of a product. Secondary energy can be defined as the generation of energy or fuels from other (usually primary) energy or fuels.","Amount of secondary energy used during operation","energy units","Depends",null,null,null,null,"Select systems with energy-efficient operation and use stage; ",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B233","v":0},150,"Secondary Energy Use","-","This indicator measures the amount of secondary energy use during the use phase of a product. Secondary energy can be defined as the generation of energy or fuels from other (usually primary) energy or fuels.","Amount of secondary energy used during operation","energy units","Depends",null,null,null,null,"Engage dynamic consumption of energy;",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B234","v":0},151,"Combustion Emissions ","-","This indicator measures the total emissions from combustion in use stage.","Total combustion emissions during use","-","↓",null,null,null,null,"Select systems with energy-efficient operation and use stage; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B235","v":0},151,"Combustion Emissions ","-","This indicator measures the total emissions from combustion in use stage.","Total combustion emissions during use","-","↓",null,null,null,null,"Engage dynamic consumption of energy;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B236","v":0},152,"Spare Parts and Consumables","-","This indicator measures the total number of spare parts and consumables of the product. ","Number of spare parts and consumables","number of parts and consumables","↓",null,null,null,null,"Minimizing Materials Consumption During Usage; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B237","v":0},152,"Spare Parts and Consumables","-","This indicator measures the total number of spare parts and consumables of the product. ","Number of spare parts and consumables","number of parts and consumables","↓",null,null,null,null,"Engage systems of flexible materials consumption; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B238","v":0},153,"Existence of Disposal/Recycling Manual ","-","Having a disposal/recycling manual is important to facilitate the correct end-of-life of products.","Yes/No","-","-",null,null,null,null,null,"Provide collection and processing of the product at its end of life; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B239","v":0},154,"Energy Saving in Use Phase","Eu","This indicator measures the relative energy consumption of a product, where OutputE represents the total energy of output and InputE the total energy of input. The energy saving can be a result of reducing power from extraneous energy sources within a product, and/or from reducing total energy consumption of the entire product during periods of non-use.","OutputE/InputE","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,"Select systems with energy-efficient operation and use stage; ",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B240","v":0},154,"Energy Saving in Use Phase","Eu","This indicator measures the relative energy consumption of a product, where OutputE represents the total energy of output and InputE the total energy of input. The energy saving can be a result of reducing power from extraneous energy sources within a product, and/or from reducing total energy consumption of the entire product during periods of non-use.","OutputE/InputE","dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,"Engage dynamic consumption of energy;",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B241","v":0},155,"Mass Fraction of Reused Components","-","This indicator measures the relative mass of the reused component in the product .","Total reused component weight/total end of life product weight","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B242","v":0},157,"Landfill Fraction","RECL","This indicator measures the relative mass of the product destined to landfill.","total landfill component weight/total end of life product weight","dimensionless","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null," Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B243","v":0},157,"Landfill Fraction","RECL","This indicator measures the relative mass of the product destined to landfill.","total landfill component weight/total end of life product weight","dimensionless","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null," Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B244","v":0},157,"Landfill Fraction","RECL","This indicator measures the relative mass of the product destined to landfill.","total landfill component weight/total end of life product weight","dimensionless","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",3]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B245","v":0},157,"Landfill Fraction","RECL","This indicator measures the relative mass of the product destined to landfill.","total landfill component weight/total end of life product weight","dimensionless","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88.",4]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B246","v":0},158,"Toxicity Mass Fraction","MatH","This indicator measures the hazardous materials in the product, in percentage.","(Total hazardous material weight/Total product weight) . 100%","%","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B247","v":0},159,"Product Weight","MatW","Reduce the total product weight can avoid the resource depletion. This indicator measures the absolute product weight.","Total product weight","mass units","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Content;",null,null,null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kuo, T.-C., Chang, S.-H., Huang, S.H., 2006. Environmentally conscious design by using fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 419–425. / Fiksel, J., 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environmental science & technology 37, 5330–9. / Hur, T., Lee, J., Ryu, J., Kwon, E., 2005. Simplified LCA and matrix methods in identifying the environmental aspects of a product system. Journal of Environmental Management 75, 229–237. / Zhang, H.C., Li, J., Shrivastava, P., Whitley, A., 2004. A web-based system for reverse manufacturing and product environmental impact assessment considering end-of-life dispositions. Manufacturing Technology 1, 0–3. / Ander, S.A., 2004. Toward a Sectorwide Design for Environment Support System for the Rail Industry. Environmental Management 34, 181–190.",3]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B248","v":0},160,"Wastewater Treatment Rate","-","This indicator measures the quantity of treated waste water relative to the total generation of waste water during the manufacturing process.","Treated waste water/Waste water generation","%","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Despeisse, M., Mbaye, F., Ball, P.D., Levers, A., 2012. The emergence of sustainable manufacturing practices. Production Planning & Control 23, 354–376.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B249","v":0},161,"Hazardous Sludge Volume","-","This indicator measures the generation of hazardous sludge volume during the manufacturing process.","Amount of hazardous sludge volume generated","volume units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;","Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous waste;","Water pollutants;",null,null,"absolute","Despeisse, M., Mbaye, F., Ball, P.D., Levers, A., 2012. The emergence of sustainable manufacturing practices. Production Planning & Control 23, 354–376.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B250","v":0},162,"Critical Water Mass","CTWM","This indicator measures the maximum acceptable concentration limits of pollutant substances in water emissions during manufacturing.","pollutant emission mass at interval t(kg pollutant/h) / standard limit value (kg pollutant/kg water)","kg water/h","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Duque, J., Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D., Novais, A.Q., 2007. Synthesis and optimization of the recovery route for residual products under uncertain product demand. Computers & Operations Research 34, 1463–1490. / Khan, F., 2001. GreenPro: a new methodology for cleaner and greener process design. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 14, 307–328.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B251","v":0},163,"Recovery of Residual Products Energy Consumption","-","This indicator measures the oil fuel consumption for managing the recovery of residual products that originate\nat industrial plants.","Oil fuel consumption for managing the recovery of residual products","volume units","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Duque, J., Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D., Novais, A.Q., 2007. Synthesis and optimization of the recovery route for residual products under uncertain product demand. Computers & Operations Research 34, 1463–1490. ",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B252","v":0},163,"Recovery of Residual Products Energy Consumption","-","This indicator measures the oil fuel consumption for managing the recovery of residual products that originate\nat industrial plants.","Oil fuel consumption for managing the recovery of residual products","volume units","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Duque, J., Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P.F.D., Novais, A.Q., 2007. Synthesis and optimization of the recovery route for residual products under uncertain product demand. Computers & Operations Research 34, 1463–1490. ",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B253","v":0},164,"Total Transportation during Manufacturing","-","This indicator quantifies the total kilometers travelled in manufacturing stage.","Total kilometers travelled for production purposes","km/yr","↓",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B254","v":0},165,"Fossil fuel consumption in transportation","-","This indicator measures the total amount of fossil fuel used in transportation in manufacturing.","Amount of fossil fuel used in transportation during manufacturing","t/yr","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"absolute","Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B255","v":0},166,"Product Material Sold","-","This indicator measures the mass of product sold per total amount of materials used to manufacture it. It can be used to measure the intensity of material use.","Mass of product sold per total amount of materials used to manufacture it","t/t","↓",null,null," Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B256","v":0},167,"Pesticide use","-","This indicator measures the amount of pesticide use in raw materials to the production output of a product, as tomato ketchup, for instance. In this case, the indicator measures the amount of pesticide used to produce the tomatoes needed to the production output of ketchup.  This indicator shows whether a shift towards less pesticide intensive production is achieved, which is important for reducing the environmental impacts.","Amount of pesticide use/production output","t/t","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B257","v":0},167,"Pesticide use","-","This indicator measures the amount of pesticide use in raw materials to the production output of a product, as tomato ketchup, for instance. In this case, the indicator measures the amount of pesticide used to produce the tomatoes needed to the production output of ketchup.  This indicator shows whether a shift towards less pesticide intensive production is achieved, which is important for reducing the environmental impacts.","Amount of pesticide use/production output","t/t","↓",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B258","v":0},168,"Volume Fraction per Transportation Mode","-"," As different modes of transport differ in their efficiency, this indicator aims to measure the proportion of transport in the whole supply chain of transport means. For instance, the shift from road to rail transport for example can reduce the energy intensity with factor 2 according to a Swedish study and respectfully the environmental impact from transportation.","Volume by means of transportation/ Total transportation volume","t.km/ t.km","Depends on transport mode",null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B259","v":0},168,"Volume Fraction per Transportation Mode","-"," As different modes of transport differ in their efficiency, this indicator aims to measure the proportion of transport in the whole supply chain of transport means. For instance, the shift from road to rail transport for example can reduce the energy intensity with factor 2 according to a Swedish study and respectfully the environmental impact from transportation.","Volume by means of transportation/ Total transportation volume","t.km/ t.km","Depends on transport mode",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Energy Resources;",null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B260","v":0},169,"Intensity of transportation","-","This indicator reflects whether there is improvement in the efficiency of the freight transportation in terms of improved logistics and distance travelled.","Volume of goods transportation/product output","t.km/ t.km","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;  ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B261","v":0},170,"Mass Fraction of Recycled Packaging","-","This indicator measures the total recycled packaging mass used relative to total packaging mass.","Recycled packaging mass/Total packaging mass ","kg/kg=1 (dimensionless)","↑",null,null,null," Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731. / Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205. / Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152. / Verghese, K.L., Horne, R., Carre, A., 2010. PIQET : the design and development of an online “ streamlined ” LCA tool for sustainable packaging design decision support. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 15, 608–620.",3]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B262","v":0},171,"Recovered and Recycled Plastics","-","This indicator will show improvements in the waste treatment of plastic waste. ","Recovered and recycled plastics/total plastic waste in supply chain","t/t","↑",null,null,null,null,null," Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies; ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Mintcheva, V., 2005. Indicators for environmental policy integration in the food supply chain (the case of the tomato ketchup supply chain and the integrated product policy). Journal of Cleaner Production 13, 717–731.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B263","v":0},172,"Product Solid Waste","-","In this approach, the product is treated as solid waste if that it's not be reused or recycled.","Volume of solid waste = volume of non-recycled or non-reused part","mm³","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Provide collection and processing of the product at its end of life; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities;  ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Choi, a. C.K., Kaebernick, H., Lai, W.H., 1997. Manufacturing processes modelling for environmental impact assessment. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 70, 231–238.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B264","v":0},173,"Noise",null," The most commonly used way to measure noise is to use a sound-level meter. Harm to human beings caused by noise is directly related to the strength of noise. This indicator measures the noise emitted from the manufacturing process. The impact of the noise can be evaluated by the number of complaints of the neighborhood.",null,"dB(A) ","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Noise;","absolute","Choi, a. C.K., Kaebernick, H., Lai, W.H., 1997. Manufacturing processes modelling for environmental impact assessment. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 70, 231–238. / Azapagic, A., 2003. Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, 303–316. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Gao, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, D., Zhang, L., Gu, G., 2010. Selection of green product design scheme based on multi-attribute decision-making method. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 3, 277–291.",4]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B265","v":0},175,"Biomass energy per Product","-","This indicator measures the use o biomass energy to manufacture the product.","Biomass energy used to manufacture the product","kg/product","↑",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Energy Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B266","v":0},176,"Natural Gas consumption per Product","-","This indicator quantifies the natural gas used to manufacture the product.","Natural gas used to manufacture the product","MJ/product","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B267","v":0},177,"Electricity Consumption per product","-","This indicator quantifies the electricity used to manufacture the product.","Electricity used to manufacture the product","kWh/product","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B268","v":0},178,"Fuel consumption per product","-","This indicator quantifies the amount of fuel used to manufacture the product, including petrol and diesel consumption for transportation.","Fuel used to manufacture the product","liters/product","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B269","v":0},179,"LPG consumption per product","-","This indicator quantifies the amount of LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) used to manufacture the product.","LPG used to manufacture the product","liters/product","↓",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B270","v":0},180,"Product Fresh Water Use ","-","This indicator measures the amount of fresh water used per product manufactured, not including reused water in manufacturing.","Amount of fresh water used per product manufactured","liters/product","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,"Water use;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B271","v":0},181,"Product Hazardous Materials ","-","This indicator measures the amount of hazardous materials used per product manufactured.","Amount of hazardous materials used per product manufactured","kg/product","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,"Hazardous materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205. / Zhang, H.C., Li, J., Shrivastava, P., Whitley, A., 2004. A web-based system for reverse manufacturing and product environmental impact assessment considering end-of-life dispositions. Manufacturing Technology 1, 0–3.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B272","v":0},182,"Packaging Recyclability per Product","-","This indicator measures the amount of recyclable packaging per product manufactured.","Amount of recyclable packaging per product ","kg/product","↑",null,null,null," Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B273","v":0},183,"Distance From Source","-","This indicator expresses the distance from source in kilometers to get raw materials for production.","Distance from source of raw materials","km/product","↓",null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B274","v":0},184,"Scrap Recyclability","-","This indicator measures the percentage of scrap recyclability in the production process per product manufactured","Percentage of scrap recyclability in the production process per product manufactured","%/product","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B275","v":0},185,"Product Rejects","-","This indicator quantifies the amount of product rejects during the use phase.","Amount of product rejects","kg/product","↓",null,null,null,null,"Minimizing Materials Consumption During Usage; ",null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B276","v":0},185,"Product Rejects","-","This indicator quantifies the amount of product rejects during the use phase.","Amount of product rejects","kg/product","↓",null,null,null,null,"Engage systems of flexible materials consumption; ",null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B277","v":0},186,"Product Scrap","-","This indicator quantifies the amount of product scrap during the use phase.","Amount of product scrap","kg/product","↓",null,null,null,null,"Minimizing Materials Consumption During Usage; ",null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B278","v":0},186,"Product Scrap","-","This indicator quantifies the amount of product scrap during the use phase.","Amount of product scrap","kg/product","↓",null,null,null,null,"Engage systems of flexible materials consumption; ",null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B279","v":0},187,"Product Solid Waste Fraction","-","In this approach, the product is treated as solid waste if that it's not be reused or recycled.","Mass of non-recovered parts of the product/Total mass of product","% of weight/product","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Provide collection and processing of the product at its end of life; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities;",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B280","v":0},188,"Product Biodegradable Packaging","-","This indicator measures the mass of biodegradable packaging relative to the total packaging per product manufactured.","Percentage of biodegradable packaging per product ","%/product","↑",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials;",null," Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Biodegradable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B281","v":0},189,"Packaging Scrap","-","This indicator measures the mass of packaging scrap per product manufactured.","Amount of packaging scrap per product manufactured","kg/product","↓",null,null,null," Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B282","v":0},190,"Ozone Depletion Substances in the Product","-","This indicator measures the amount of ozone depletion substances in the product, such as  CFC and HCFC.","Amount of ozone depletion substances in the product, such as  CFC and HCFC","kg/product","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B283","v":0},191,"Transportation Distance for Disposal","-","This indicator quantifies the transportation distance for disposal of waste generated to manufacture a product. Increase this rate can save energy consumption and gaseous emissions.","Transportation distance for disposal of waste generated to manufacture a product","km/product","↓",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B284","v":0},192,"Fuel Emissions-Exhaust in Logistical Waste","-","This indicator measures the fuel emissions-exhaust due to logistical waste per product manufactured during the production process.","Fuel emissions-exhaust per product","kg gas/product","↓",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage; ",null,null,null,null,"Gaseous emissions amount;  ",null,"relative","Singh, S., Goodyer, J., Popplewell, K., 2007. Integrated environmental process planning for the design and manufacture of automotive components. International Journal of Production Research 45, 4189–4205.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B285","v":0},194,"Biochemical Oxygen Demand","BOD5","This indicator measures the BOD discharged in ppm in effluent or kg/t.",null,"ppm in effluent or kg/t","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B286","v":0},194,"Biochemical Oxygen Demand","BOD5","This indicator measures the BOD discharged in ppm in effluent or kg/t.",null,"ppm in effluent or kg/t","↓",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B287","v":0},195,"Chemical Oxygen Demand","COD","This indicator measures the COD discharged in ppm in effluent or kg/t.","Similar to calculation of BOD5 ","ppm in effluent or kg/t","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources; ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B288","v":0},195,"Chemical Oxygen Demand","COD","This indicator measures the COD discharged in ppm in effluent or kg/t.","Similar to calculation of BOD5 ","ppm in effluent or kg/t","↓",null,"Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;",null,null,"relative","Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B289","v":0},196,"Specific Solid Waste Mass ",null,"This indicator measures the absolute mass of solid waste generated in the manufacturing process relative to production output.","Mass of solid waste/Production output","kg/UP (Unit of Production, e.g. mass in t or kg, volume in m³, number, monetary value in EUR, etc.)","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481. / Jasch, C., 2000. Environmental performance evaluation and indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 79–88. / Khan, F., 2001. GreenPro: a new methodology for cleaner and greener process design. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 14, 307–328.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B290","v":0},199,"Materials Reusability","Rus","This indicator measures the amount of reused materials relative to the total material consumption in manufacturing.","amount of reused materials / total material consumption in manufacturing","%","↑",null,null,"Engage more consumption-efficient systems;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B291","v":0},202,"Defects recyclability","Drec","This indicator express the rate of recycled defective products relative to the total number of defective products.","number of recycled defective products / total number of defective products","%","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,"  Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,null,null,"Defective products;",null,null,null,"relative","Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B292","v":0},204,"By-products recyclability","Brec","This indicator measures the amount of recycled by-products relative to the total amount of by-products generated in manufacturing.","amount of recycled by-products / total amount of by-products generated","%","↑",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"By-products;",null,null,null,"relative","Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Deutz, P., McGuire, M., 2012. Materials selection for cleaner production: An environmental evaluation approach. Materials & Design 37, 429–434.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B293","v":0},213,"Total time for product retirement","-","This indicator measures the total time for product retirement from the market.","Time to collect the product from the user + Labor time to disassemble product + Time to reuse, remanufacture, recycle, or landfill the components","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Lee, S.G., Lye, S.W., Khoo, M.K., 2005. A Multi-Objective Methodology for Evaluating Product End-of-Life Options and Disassembly 148–156. / Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B294","v":0},213,"Total time for product retirement","-","This indicator measures the total time for product retirement from the market.","Time to collect the product from the user + Labor time to disassemble product + Time to reuse, remanufacture, recycle, or landfill the components","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Lee, S.G., Lye, S.W., Khoo, M.K., 2005. A Multi-Objective Methodology for Evaluating Product End-of-Life Options and Disassembly 148–156. / Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B295","v":0},213,"Total time for product retirement","-","This indicator measures the total time for product retirement from the market.","Time to collect the product from the user + Labor time to disassemble product + Time to reuse, remanufacture, recycle, or landfill the components","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;  ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Lee, S.G., Lye, S.W., Khoo, M.K., 2005. A Multi-Objective Methodology for Evaluating Product End-of-Life Options and Disassembly 148–156. / Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B296","v":0},213,"Total time for product retirement","-","This indicator measures the total time for product retirement from the market.","Time to collect the product from the user + Labor time to disassemble product + Time to reuse, remanufacture, recycle, or landfill the components","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Provide collection and processing of the product at its end of life; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Lee, S.G., Lye, S.W., Khoo, M.K., 2005. A Multi-Objective Methodology for Evaluating Product End-of-Life Options and Disassembly 148–156. / Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B297","v":0},213,"Total time for product retirement","-","This indicator measures the total time for product retirement from the market.","Time to collect the product from the user + Labor time to disassemble product + Time to reuse, remanufacture, recycle, or landfill the components","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Identifying Materials;  ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Lee, S.G., Lye, S.W., Khoo, M.K., 2005. A Multi-Objective Methodology for Evaluating Product End-of-Life Options and Disassembly 148–156. / Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B298","v":0},213,"Total time for product retirement","-","This indicator measures the total time for product retirement from the market.","Time to collect the product from the user + Labor time to disassemble product + Time to reuse, remanufacture, recycle, or landfill the components","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Minimizing the Overall Number of Different Incompatible Materials; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Lee, S.G., Lye, S.W., Khoo, M.K., 2005. A Multi-Objective Methodology for Evaluating Product End-of-Life Options and Disassembly 148–156. / Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B299","v":0},213,"Total time for product retirement","-","This indicator measures the total time for product retirement from the market.","Time to collect the product from the user + Labor time to disassemble product + Time to reuse, remanufacture, recycle, or landfill the components","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating End-of-life Collection and Transportation; ","Provide information to users and treatment facilities; ",null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Lee, S.G., Lye, S.W., Khoo, M.K., 2005. A Multi-Objective Methodology for Evaluating Product End-of-Life Options and Disassembly 148–156. / Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",2]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B300","v":0},214,"Environmental Load Factor","ELF","This indicator measures the quantity of waste generated to manufacture the product per product's weight. ","(weight of waste) / (weight of the product)","dimensionless","↓",null,null,"Minimizing Scraps and Discards;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Khan, F., 2001. GreenPro: a new methodology for cleaner and greener process design. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 14, 307–328.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B301","v":0},215,"Reliability","Rp","Reliability is a measure of the useful life of a product. In the formulae, n = 1, 2, 3, . . . ,N; Rn = e-t/MTBEn (the reliability of component n); t is the expected product life; and MTBFn is the mean time before failure for component n.","[R1 .  R2 . R3 . . . Rn] (for a system in series) or [1 - (1 - R1).(1- R2).(1 - R3) . . . (1 - Rn)] (for a system in parallel)","dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability;  ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Lye, S.W., Lee, S.G., Khoo, M.K., 2001. A design methodology for the strategic assessment of a product’s eco-efficiency. International Journal of Production Research 39, 2453–2474.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B302","v":0},216,"Life Cycle Water Consumption","-","This indicator measures the amount of input water throughout all product's life cycle, including process water and cooling water. The water data obtained for metals must be treated with caution because cooling water is not always considered by all sources, and process water is often underestimated, especially for mining and beneficiation.","Amount of input water throughout all product's life cycle","L","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Consumption;","Engage more consumption-efficient systems; ",null,null,null,null,"Water use;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Kang, Y.-C., Chun, D.-M., Jun, Y., Ahn, S.-H., 2010. Computer-aided environmental design system for the energy-using product (EuP) directive. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 11, 397–406.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B303","v":0},217,"Volatile Organic Compounds","VOCs","Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are indicators of smog and ground-level ozone, with accounting units of grams (g), and can also cause neurological health problems. This indicator measures the quantity of VOCs emissions during the any life cycle stage per production output.","Quantity of VOCs emissions in any life cycle stage per production output","mass units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Kang, Y.-C., Chun, D.-M., Jun, Y., Ahn, S.-H., 2010. Computer-aided environmental design system for the energy-using product (EuP) directive. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 11, 397–406. / Ren, X., 2000. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473–481.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B304","v":0},218,"Persistent Organic Pollutants","POPs","Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) include the contents of dioxins and furans in the air that are relevant to the EuP, but no emissions to water.  This indicator measures the quantity of POPs emissions during the any life cycle stage.","Quantity of POPs emissions in any life cycle stage","mass units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Kang, Y.-C., Chun, D.-M., Jun, Y., Ahn, S.-H., 2010. Computer-aided environmental design system for the energy-using product (EuP) directive. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 11, 397–406.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B305","v":0},219,"Heavy Metals  ","HMs","Heavy metals (HMs) are expressed in mg Ni-eq. This indicator measures the quantity of HMs emissions during the any life cycle stage.","Quantity of HMs emissions in any life cycle stage","mass units in Ni-eq","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Water pollutants;","Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Kang, Y.-C., Chun, D.-M., Jun, Y., Ahn, S.-H., 2010. Computer-aided environmental design system for the energy-using product (EuP) directive. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 11, 397–406.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B306","v":0},220,"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","PAHs","The current accounting unit in legislation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is mg Ni-eq. This indicator measures the quantity of PAHs emissions during the any life cycle stage.","Quantity of PAHs emissions in any life cycle stage","mass units in Ni-eq","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Kang, Y.-C., Chun, D.-M., Jun, Y., Ahn, S.-H., 2010. Computer-aided environmental design system for the energy-using product (EuP) directive. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 11, 397–406.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B307","v":0},221,"Particulate Matter","PM","Particulate Matter(PM) is an indicator for human toxicity, such as respiratory problems. This indicator measures the quantity of PM emissions during the any life cycle stage.","Quantity of PM emissions in any life cycle stage","mass units","↓",null,"Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources;",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Air pollutants;",null,"absolute","Kang, Y.-C., Chun, D.-M., Jun, Y., Ahn, S.-H., 2010. Computer-aided environmental design system for the energy-using product (EuP) directive. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 11, 397–406.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B308","v":0},222,"Disassembly Time Ratio","-","This indicator measures the percentual reduction in time to disassembly the product, comparing a baseline model to the new (redesigned) model.","Reduction in time to dismantle the product = (1 - nem model time)/baseline model time x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B309","v":0},223,"Labeling of materials types","-","This indicator measures the number of different materials identified in the product, in order to facilitate collection and recycling.","Number of different materials identified in the product","number of materials  ","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Identifying Materials;",null,"Material type;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B310","v":0},224,"Recyclability Improvement Ratio","-","This indicator reflects the improvement of percentage of materials, by weight, for which recycling is feasible.","(new model percentage - baseline model percentage)/(100% - baseline model percentage) x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B311","v":0},224,"Recyclability Improvement Ratio","-","This indicator reflects the improvement of percentage of materials, by weight, for which recycling is feasible.","(new model percentage - baseline model percentage)/(100% - baseline model percentage) x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B312","v":0},225,"Recycled glass usage","-","This indicator measures the recycled glass usage as percentage of total glass weight in the product.","Recycled glass usage in the product/Glass usage in the product x 100%","% ","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B313","v":0},225,"Recycled glass usage","-","This indicator measures the recycled glass usage as percentage of total glass weight in the product.","Recycled glass usage in the product/Glass usage in the product x 100%","% ","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B314","v":0},226,"Recycled plastics usage","-","This indicator measures the recycled plastics usage as percentage of total plastic weight in the product.","Recycled plastics usage in the product/Plastics usage in the product x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B315","v":0},226,"Recycled plastics usage","-","This indicator measures the recycled plastics usage as percentage of total plastic weight in the product.","Recycled plastics usage in the product/Plastics usage in the product x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B316","v":0},227,"Recycled paper usage","-","This indicator measures the recycled paper usage as percentage of total paper weight in the product.","Recycled paper usage in the product/Paper usage in the product x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Adopting the Cascade Approach;  ",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B317","v":0},227,"Recycled paper usage","-","This indicator measures the recycled paper usage as percentage of total paper weight in the product.","Recycled paper usage in the product/Paper usage in the product x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recycled materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B318","v":0},228,"Product Weight Reduction Ratio","-","This indicator measures the product weight reduction ratio.","(1 - new model weight in grams)/(baseline model weight in grams) x 100%","%","↑",null,"Minimizing Material Content;",null,null,null,"Facilitating End-of-life Collection and Transportation;"," Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;  ","Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B319","v":0},229,"Product Volume Reduction Ratio","-","This indicator measures the product volume reduction ratio.","(1 - new model volume in cm³)/(baseline model volume in cm³) x 100%","%","↑",null,"Minimizing Material Content;",null,null,null,"Facilitating End-of-life Collection and Transportation;"," Minimize energy consumption during transportation and storage;  ","Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B320","v":0},230,"Parts Count Reduction Ratio","-","This indicator measures the product count parts reduction ratio.","(1 - new model count parts)/(baseline model count parts) x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability;",null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B321","v":0},231,"Initial Failure Rate","-","This indicator measures the initial percentage of product's failures. The initial period of a population of units of the product is characterized by a decreasing failure rate. It is what occurs during the “early life” of this population.","Initial Failure Rate","%","↓",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B322","v":0},232,"Annual Failure Rate","-","This indicator measures the annual percentage of product's failures.","Annual failure rate","%","↓",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability; ",null,null,"Material consumption;  ","Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B323","v":0},233,"Energy consumption in standby mode","-","This indicator measures the energy consumption in standby mode.","Energy consumption in standby mode","Watts","↓",null,null,null,null,"Select systems with energy-efficient operation and use stage; ",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B324","v":0},233,"Energy consumption in standby mode","-","This indicator measures the energy consumption in standby mode.","Energy consumption in standby mode","Watts","↓",null,null,null,null,"Engage dynamic consumption of energy;",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B325","v":0},234,"Energy Consumption during Use Improvement Ratio","-","This indicator measures the reduction in percentage of energy consumption during use phase.","(1 - new model weight)/(baseline model weight) x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,"Select systems with energy-efficient operation and use stage; ",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B326","v":0},234,"Energy Consumption during Use Improvement Ratio","-","This indicator measures the reduction in percentage of energy consumption during use phase.","(1 - new model weight)/(baseline model weight) x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null,null,"Engage dynamic consumption of energy;",null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B327","v":0},235,"Polystyrene Foam Usage Reduction","-","This indicator measures the polystyrene foam usage reduction ratio between a baseline model and a new one (redesigned).","(1 - new model weight in grams)/(baseline model weight in grams) x 100%","%","↑",null,null," Engage more consumption-efficient systems; ","Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B328","v":0},236,"Packaging Weight Reduction Ratio","-","This indicator measures the packaging weight reduction ratio between a baseline model and a new one (redesigned).","(1 - new model weight in grams)/(baseline model weight in grams) x 100%","%","↑",null,null,null," Minimizing or avoid Packaging; ",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Schvaneveldt, S.J., 2003. Environmental performance of products: Benchmarks and tools for measuring improvement. Benchmarking: An International Journal 10, 137–152.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B329","v":0},237,"Disassemblability Evaluation Score","Ei","This indicator Ei is provided by Hitachi Disassemblability Evaluation Method (DEM), which is based in\na 100 point scale, and provides simultaneously the disassembly time estimation. The score acts as an index for the two goals, which are a quantitative express for ease of disassembly and indication on areas that required improvements. In the equation, τ is the demerit constant, and f is time value for operations. The demerit score, τf, reflects the time values for operations that have potential to be improved , and it expresses the degree of improvement possibility and therefore shows the possible level of the part improvements. By concentrating on parts for which the index value (Ei) is particularly low, effective design improvements can be carried out in an efficient manner. An excellent design should achieve an evaluation score, Ei, more than 80%.","Ei = 100 - τf = 100 - penalty point","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B330","v":0},238,"Total time for disassembly","TTD","This indicator is used as a parameter to give a measure of the efficiency of a given disassembly sequence of a product. It's calculated based on the disassemble of each subassembly xi. In order to calculate the TTD for\nalternative disassembly sequences of a product, the following information must be known: disassembly sequences of the product, disassembly time of each component of the product, disassembly directions and joint types of the components of the product.",null,"temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B331","v":0},239,"Preparation Time","Tp","This indicator is used to estimate the disassembly time of each component of the product. It is used to calculate the indicator \"Disassembly Time of Each component\" (code 243).","Time for identifying joint elements (Tpb) + Time for searching and identifying tools(Tps) + Time for gripping tools(Tpg)","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B332","v":0},240,"Movement time","Tm","This indicator is used to estimate the disassembly time of each component of the product.  It is used to calculate the indicator \"Disassembly Time of Each component\" (code 243).","Time for moving between joint elements(Tmd) + Time for redirecting toward the side of joint elements(Td)","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B333","v":0},241,"Operation Time/Disassembly Time","Td","This indicator is used to estimate the disassembly time of each component of the product.  It is used to calculate the indicator \"Disassembly Time of Each component\" (code 243).","Time for aligning between tool and joint element(Tdal) + Time for tool operation area(Tda) + Time for basic separation of joint element(Tdb) + Time for intensity of work(Tw)","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B334","v":0},242,"Post-processing time","Tpr","This indicator is used to estimate the disassembly time of each component of the product.  It is used to calculate the indicator \"Disassembly Time of Each component\" (code 243).","Time for post-processing due to weight and size of the disassembled parts (Tprsw) + Time for post-processing due to movement of disassembled parts (Tprdt) + Time for post-processing due to hazard (Tprd)","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B335","v":0},243,"Disassembly Time of each component","-","This indicator is measured by the sum of the indicators \"Preparation time\" (code 239), \"Movement time\" (code 240), \"Operation time\" (code 241) and \"Post-processing time\" (code 242).","Preparation time (Tp) + Movement time (Tm) + Operation time (Td) + Post-processing time (Tpr)","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B336","v":0},244,"Disassembly time of the product","-","This measure of the disassembly time of the product is the sum of the disassembly time of each component, indicator \"Disassembly Time of Each component\" (code 243).","Sum of the disassembly time of each component of the product","temporal units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Go, T.F., Wahab, D. a., Rahman, M.N.A., Ramli, R., Azhari, C.H., 2011. Disassemblability of end-of-life vehicle: a critical review of evaluation methods. Journal of Cleaner Production 19, 1536–1546.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B337","v":0},245,"Fraction of Parts to Remanufacture","-","This indicator estimates the percentage of product destined to remanufacture.","Percentage of parts of the product to remanufacture","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B338","v":0},246,"Reuse cycle","-","This indicator measures the reuse cycle of a reusable product, in years.","Reuse cycle in years","years","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B339","v":0},247,"First wear-out life","-","This indicator measures the first wear-out life of a reusable product, in years. When units of the product become old, they begin to fail at an increasing rate. It is called the “wearout” period.","First wear-out life in years","years","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B340","v":0},248,"Second wear-out life","-","This indicator measures the second wear-out life of a reusable product, in years. When units of the product become old, they begin to fail at an increasing rate. It is called the “wearout” period.","Second wear-out life in years","years","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B341","v":0},249,"Global wear-out life","-","This indicator measures the global wear-out life of a reusable product, in years. When units of the product become old, they begin to fail at an increasing rate. It is called the “wearout” period.","Global wear-out life in years","years","Depends",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B342","v":0},250,"Technology Cycle","-","Technological cycles are composed of technological discontinuities that trigger periods of technological and competitive ferment. In more complex assembled products, these technology cycles are applied at the subsystem level.","Technology cycle of a product in years","years","Depends",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B343","v":0},251,"Number of modules","-","This indicator measures the number of modules of the product.","Number of modules of the product","number of modules","↓",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability;",null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B344","v":0},252,"Active functions","-","This indicator measures the number of active functions in the product.","Number of active functions in the product","number of functions","↑",null,null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality;",null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–1345.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B345","v":0},253,"Number of types of fastener","-","This indicator measures the total number of different types of fastener in the product.","Number of different types of fastener in the product","number of different types of fastener","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B346","v":0},254,"Total number of fastener","-","This indicator measures the total number of fasteners in the product.","Total number of fasteners in the product","number of fasteners","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B347","v":0},255,"Product architecture","-","A modular design facilitates reuse, recycling and remanufacture.","Non-modular/Modular","-","Modular",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Appropriate Lifespan; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B348","v":0},255,"Product architecture","-","A modular design facilitates reuse, recycling and remanufacture.","Non-modular/Modular","-","Modular",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B349","v":0},255,"Product architecture","-","A modular design facilitates reuse, recycling and remanufacture.","Non-modular/Modular","-","Modular",null,null,null,null,"Optimizing product functionality;  ","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B350","v":0},255,"Product architecture","-","A modular design facilitates reuse, recycling and remanufacture.","Non-modular/Modular","-","Modular",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;","Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B351","v":0},256,"Replaced parts","-","This indicator measures the percentage of replaced parts in a reusable/remanufacturable product.","Percentage of replaced parts in the product","%","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability; ","Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B352","v":0},257,"Parts reused after cleaning","-","This indicator measures the percentage of parts reused after cleaning in a reusable/remanufacturable product.","Percentage of parts reused after cleaning","%","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Cleaning;","Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B353","v":0},258,"Percentage of parts reused after repairing","-","This indicator measures the percentage of parts reused after repairing in a reusable/remanufacturable product.","Percentage of parts reused after repairing","%","↑",null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Repairs; ","Facilitating Reuse;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B354","v":0},259,"Percentage of parts reused after reconditioning","-","This indicator measures the percentage of parts reused after reconditioning in a reusable/remanufacturable product.","Percentage of parts reused after reconditioning","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Reuse; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B355","v":0},259,"Percentage of parts reused after reconditioning","-","This indicator measures the percentage of parts reused after reconditioning in a reusable/remanufacturable product.","Percentage of parts reused after reconditioning","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B356","v":0},260,"Energy saved for remanufacturing","-","This indicator measures the energy saved by using remanufactured product relative to the energy use for new product.","Energy saved by using remanufactured product/energy use for new product","%","↑",null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing; ",null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–1345.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B357","v":0},261,"Reconditioned parts used in the product","-","This indicator measures the mass rate of reconditioned parts used in the product.","Mass of reconditioned parts/Total weight of the product","%","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Remanufacturing;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Zwolinski, P., Lopez-Ontiveros, M.-A., Brissaud, D., 2006. Integrated design of remanufacturable products based on product profiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1333–134",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B358","v":0},262,"Product and Packaging Recyclability","-","This indicator measures the total recyclability of the product, including packaging.","Mass of recyclable material in the product and its packaging/Total mass of product including packaging","%","↑",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,"  Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies; ",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Hur, T., Lee, J., Ryu, J., Kwon, E., 2005. Simplified LCA and matrix methods in identifying the environmental aspects of a product system. Journal of Environmental Management 75, 229–237.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B359","v":0},263,"Weight of Manual","-","This indicator measures the weight of the user manual of the product.","Weight of the manual","g","↓",null,"Minimizing Material Content;",null,null,null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Hur, T., Lee, J., Ryu, J., Kwon, E., 2005. Simplified LCA and matrix methods in identifying the environmental aspects of a product system. Journal of Environmental Management 75, 229–237.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B360","v":0},264,"Total Recyclable Material in Manufacturing","-","This indicator measures the use of recyclable materials per period of time.","Mass of recyclable material processed per period of time","mass units/month","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"  Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B361","v":0},265,"Energy-weighted mass recovery index","EnergyIndex","This indicator measures the energy saved due to material recovery, in percentage. It explicitly provide comparison between the secondary commodity with the primary commodity that would otherwise be used for a specific application. In the formula, k represents the kth embedded material in a given flow, and mx represents mass of a given flow. The energy factors represents: Ep1 = total energy use to make the primary material for use in application 1, Er1 = total energy use to prepare the secondary material for use in application 1, and Emax = the total energy use to make the most energy-intensive primary material for which the secondary material could be substituted.",null,"%","↑",null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,"  Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Atlee, J., Kirchain, R., 2006. Operational Sustainability Metrics Assessing Metric Effectiveness in the Context of Electronics-Recycling Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4506–4513.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B362","v":0},266,"Packaging to Landfill","-","This indicator measures the total mass of packaging used to landfill. It can be measured also relative to the total packaging used, as a percentage.","Total mass of packaging use destined to landfill","% or kg","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute and/or relative","Verghese, K.L., Horne, R., Carre, A., 2010. PIQET : the design and development of an online “ streamlined ” LCA tool for sustainable packaging design decision support. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 15, 608–620.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B363","v":0},267,"Life Cycle Recyclable Packaging","-","This indicator measures the packaging recyclable used in the whole product's life cycle.","Total mass of packaging recyclable used in whole life cycle","kg","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Verghese, K.L., Horne, R., Carre, A., 2010. PIQET : the design and development of an online “ streamlined ” LCA tool for sustainable packaging design decision support. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 15, 608–620.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B364","v":0},268,"Packaging per Packaging Level ","-","This indicator measures the mass of packaging used per packaging level (subretail, retail, merchandising, traded and pallet). It can be measured also relative to the total packaging mass used in the distribution system.","Mass of packaging use per packaging level (subretail, retail, merchandising, traded and pallet)","% and kg","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute and/or relative","Verghese, K.L., Horne, R., Carre, A., 2010. PIQET : the design and development of an online “ streamlined ” LCA tool for sustainable packaging design decision support. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 15, 608–620.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B365","v":0},269,"Packaging Material Summary ","-","This indicator measures the number of each individual packaging material in packaging system format.","Number of each individual packaging material in packaging system format","number ","↓",null,null,null,"Minimizing or avoid Packaging;",null,null,null,"Material consumption;  ",null,null,null,null,null,"absolute","Verghese, K.L., Horne, R., Carre, A., 2010. PIQET : the design and development of an online “ streamlined ” LCA tool for sustainable packaging design decision support. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 15, 608–620.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B366","v":0},270,"Number of parts to be disassembled","-","This indicator measures the actual number of parts to be disassembled.","Actual number of parts to be disassembled","number of parts  ","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B367","v":0},271,"Number of parts not theoretically required","-","This indicator measures the difference between the total number of parts and  theoretical minimum number of parts."," (Total number of parts) - (Theoretical minimum number of parts)","number of parts  ","↓",null,null,null,null,"Designing for Reliability;",null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B368","v":0},272,"Number of disassembly tasks","-","This indicator measures the total number of disassembly tasks.","Total number of disassembly tasks","number of tasks","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B369","v":0},273,"Tasks which don't result in\ndirect removal of a part","-","This indicator quantifies the number of tasks which don't result in\ndirect removal of a part.","Total number of tasks which don't result in\ndirect removal of a part","number of tasks","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B370","v":0},274,"Number of different tools ","-","This indicator quantifies the number of different tools used in disassembly.","Number of different tools used in disassembly","number of tools","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B371","v":0},275,"Tool manipulations","-","This indicator quantifies the number of  tool manipulations required in disassembly.","Number of tool manipulations","number of tool manipulations","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B372","v":0},276,"Hand manipulations","-","This indicator quantifies the number of  hand manipulations required in disassembly.","Number of hand manipulations","number of hand manipulations","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"absolute","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B373","v":0},277,"Assembly Design Efficiency","-","This relative measure shows how far the assembly efficiency is from the 100% in an ideal hypothetical design. The indicator compares a given design to a hypothetical design of the same product which consists of the theoretical minimum number of parts and where each part can be assembled with minimal effort.","3 x (Theor. Minimum Number of Parts) / Actual Assembly Time","%","↑",null,null,"Design for reliability;",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Kroll, E., Carver, B.S., 1999. Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 15, 191–200.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B374","v":0},278,"Component Type","CT","The connection type between components in a product reflects how difficult is to destroy the connection. In the formula, the factor Ci represents the interactive index of connection for part i, which can be obtained from the table from \"Additional Material\" in the next column, and the n represents the number of connections.",null,"dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Gao, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, D., Zhang, L., Gu, G., 2010. Selection of green product design scheme based on multi-attribute decision-making method. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 3, 277–291.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B375","v":0},279,"Structural Depth","SD","The disassembly performance is related to the structural depth between parts of a product. The structural depth is defined according to the relative positions between two parts. In the formula, the factor Di represents this relative position: if a part is directly connected with the standard part, Di = 1; if a part is connected with the standard part by another part, Di = 2, and so on. The factor m represents the total number of parts.",null,"dimensionless","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,null,"Solid waste amount;",null,null,null,"relative","Gao, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, D., Zhang, L., Gu, G., 2010. Selection of green product design scheme based on multi-attribute decision-making method. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 3, 277–291.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B376","v":0},280,"Energy consumption for disassembly","EC","Disassembly process requires energy consumption, measured by this indicator. Reducing the energy consumption in disassembly improves the disassembly performance of the product. In the formula, Ei represents the energy consumption of destroying the connection of the part i, and m is the number of parts. In the next column, \"Additional Material\", you can find an example of measuring the energy consumption for disassembly Ei.",null,"energy units","↓",null,null,null,null,null,"Facilitating Disassembly;",null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"absolute","Gao, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, D., Zhang, L., Gu, G., 2010. Selection of green product design scheme based on multi-attribute decision-making method. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 3, 277–291.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B377","v":0},281,"Recycling Performance","RP","The recycling performance RP is related to the product's recyclability, according to the end-of-life options, or \"Recycling methods\", showed in the table in the next column (\"Additional Material\"). In the formula, Ri is the recycling index of part n obtained from the table beside, Wi is the mass of part i, and n is the number of parts of the product.",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,null,null,null,"Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies;",null,"Recyclable materials;",null,null,null,null,null,"relative","Gao, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, D., Zhang, L., Gu, G., 2010. Selection of green product design scheme based on multi-attribute decision-making method. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 3, 277–291.",1]
[{"$f":"'Product-related EPIs'!B378","v":0},282,"Energy Efficiency","EE","The indicator EE is related to the energy efficiency of a part of the production process, as plastic injection. It can be measured by the relation between the real work performed by this unit and the energy consumption of doing this work.",null,"dimensionless","↑",null,null,"Minimize energy consumption during pre-production and production;",null,null,null,null,null,"Energy consumption;",null,null,null,null,"relative","Gao, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, D., Zhang, L., Gu, G., 2010. Selection of green product design scheme based on multi-attribute decision-making method. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 3, 277–291.",1]
[]
[]
["Selection Tool","Code","Name","Symbol","Detailed Description/More Information","How to measure","Unit","Desired Trend","Additional Material","Pre-manufacturing","Manufacturing","Distribution and Packaging","Use and maintenance","End-of-life","General Activities","Materials","Energy","Solid waste","Waste water","Gaseous Emissions","Energy Loss","Type of Measure","References","Recurrence (number of studies where the indicator is presented)"]
["X"]

{"sheet":"Full set of EPIs","index":3,"n_rows":8,"n_cols":20,"rows_kept":8,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[6,19,7,19],[1,1,4,13],[6,7,6,12],[6,13,6,18],[6,0,7,0],[6,1,7,1],[6,2,7,2],[6,3,7,3],[6,4,7,4],[6,5,7,5],[6,6,7,6]]}
[]
[null,"Here you can fill with your full set of EPIs obtained from step 4 of the guide. Fill the spreadsheet with the selected, customized and created indicators and go to implement them!"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Your Code","Name","Symbol","Detailed Description/More Information","How to measure","Unit","Desired Trend","Life Cycle Stage",null,null,null,null,null,"Environmental Aspects",null,null,null,null,null,"Type of Measure"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Pre-manufacturing","Manufacturing and Design","Distribution and Packaging","Use and maintenance","End-of-life","General Activities","Materials","Energy","Solid waste","Waste water","Gaseous Emissions","Energy Loss"]